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Renal Midterm > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

what is the normal osmolality that we should look for

A

290 mOsm

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2
Q

how do you calculate total body water TBW

A

0.6*BW(body weight)

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3
Q

what is the third space

A

transcellular compartment or locations that the body should not have water

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4
Q

how do you calculate ICF or intracellular fluid

A

0.4*body weight OR 2/3 of TBW(total body water)

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5
Q

how do you calculate ECF or extracellular fluid

A

0.2*BW or 1/3 of TBW

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6
Q

how do you calculate interstitial fluid

A

0.75*ECF

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7
Q

how do you calculate plasma volume

A

0.25*ECF

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8
Q

How do you calculate venous volume

A

0.8*plasma volume

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9
Q

how do you calculate ECV or effective circulating volume

A

0.2*plasma volume

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10
Q

what age group has the highest percentage of TBW

A

infants and this goes down with age

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11
Q

where do we gain water input

A

drinking, food, and carb metab

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12
Q

where do we lose water

A

feces, sweating, insensible perspiration, and urine

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13
Q

what are our main extracellular ions

A

Na and Cl

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14
Q

what are our main intracellular ions

A

K

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15
Q

where are protein levels highest

A

in ICF and vascular compartments

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16
Q

what are the main proteins we are concerned with

A

albumin and globulins

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17
Q

what can be used to help measure plasma volume?

A

albumin that is radiolabeled

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18
Q

what can’t we measure directly

A

ICF and ISF

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19
Q

how do we measure TBW experimentally

A

heavy water or antipyrine

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20
Q

how do we measure ECF experimentally

A

heavy Na, l-iothalamate, thiosulfate, inulin

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21
Q

what is the gibbs donnan effect

A

the negative charge of proteins within the vasculature causes the Na+ and K+ concentrations to be slightly higher than expected

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22
Q

what is ECF osmolality driven by

A

Na

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23
Q

where is the most Na found

Study These Flashcards
A

vasc>interstitium>ICF due to action of NaK ATPase

24
Q

what does a disrupted NaK pump cause an increase in

Study These Flashcards
A

ICF [Na] this causes cellular swelling

25
what is ICF osmolality driven by
K
26
what are the two ways to estimate plasma osmolality
2*[Na] 2*[Na] + glucose/18 + urea/2.8
27
the ECF and ICF are highly permeable to what
water but NOT electrolytes
28
the capillary membrane is highly permeable to what
small ions which drive the starling forces
29
what main force favors filtration? opposes filtration
Pc; Pi_c
30
what are some common causes that increase Pc
- increased arterial pressure - increased venous pressure - decreased precapillary resistance - increased postcapillary resistance
31
almost all capillaries have a precapillary resistance > postcapilllary resistance except for
glomerular
32
what decreases Pc
- decreased arterial pressure - decreased venous pressure - increased precapillary pressure - decreased postcapillary pressure
33
how are hepatic capillaries different than renal capillaries
hepatic are highly permeable to proteins and Pi_c plays a little role in fluid exchange for them
34
what is the full formula for capillary filtration
Kf [(Pc-Pi)-(Pi_c-Pi_i)]
35
what does Kf stand for in capillary filtration
permeability coefficient
36
ECF ___________ controls ICF volume
osmolality
37
what are some general factors to think of when looking at changes in ECF and ICF
1. All solutes and water that enter or leave the body do so via ECF. 2. ICF and ECF are in osmotic equilibrium. 3. Equilibration occurs primarily by shifts of water, not solutes.
38
what are some factors that affect ECF/ICF
- water ingestion - dehydration - IV infusions - diarrhea or vom - sweating - diuresis - disease (IBS, DM, hypoaldosteronism, SIADH)
39
what changes does excessive intake of NaCl and hyperaldosteronism cause to fluid levels
increased ECF, which decreases ICF and increased ECF mOsm and ICF mOsm
40
what changes does water gain cause to fluid levels
increased ECF and ICF, decreased ECF and ICF mOsmq
41
what changes does dehydration cause to fluid levels
decreased ECF and ICF, and increased ECF mOsm and ICF mOsm
42
what change does NaCl loss (adrenal insufficiency) cause to fluid levels
increased ICF; decreased ECF, ECF mOsm, ICF mOsm
43
what are the ranges we define as hyper natremia and hyponatremia
plasma >146 mEq/L | plasma < 136 mEq/L
44
what changes do we see in the darrow yannet diagrams for fluid retention? excretion
fatter and shorter | narrower and taller
45
what type of IV fluids can stay in the ECF or distribute depending on composition? which stay in the vascular space?
crystalloid fluids (normal saline, lactated Ringers); dextran or albumin
46
isoosmotic or isotonic solutions have the same osmolatlity as _____
the ECF
47
hyperosmotic or hypertonic solutions have an osmality (higher/lower) than the ECF
higher
48
hypoosmotic or hypotonic solutions have an osmality (higher/lower) than the ECF
lower
49
adding a isoosmotic solution changes what
only the volume in the ECF
50
adding hyperosmotic solutions do what
increases Osm in the ECF which decreased ICF and increased ECF
51
what do hyposomotic solution do
when added to ECF, Osm decreased and water moves out of the ECF and into the ICF to equilibrate which causes both ICF and ECF volumes to increase
52
what would you administer to dilute the ECF and rehydrate cells
hypotonic solution
53
what would you administer to replace fluid loss and expand intravascular volume
isotonic solution
54
what would you give to treat severe hyponatremia
hypertonic solution
55
what happens in CHF that exacerbates the edema issue
Pc is already increased so edema occurs, kidneys hold onto more water to increased vascular volume, this causes more edema
56
what happens to fluid levels in renal disease
Na and H2O are inappropriately retained which causes an increase in Pc and edema results
57
what causes edema in liver disease, malnutrition, and nephrotic syndrome
decreases in Pi_c because protein synthesis is affected

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