CIS

Question 1

What can point towards AKI

Answer 1

• decreased GFR (increased plasma creatinine >0.3 mg/dL in 48h)
• increase in serum creatinine to 1.5x baseline
• urine volume <0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours

Question 2

What score do we associate with moderated decreased GFR

Answer 2

Stage 3

30-59 moderately decreased

Question 3

What is high urine sodium associated with

Answer 3

AKI, drugs, renal disease

Question 4

What is low urine sodium associated with

Answer 4

Hypovolemia, nephrosis, cirrhosis, CHF, drugs

Question 5

When is urine K high

Answer 5

Vomiting, diarrhea, drugs

Question 6

When is urine K low

Answer 6

Renal disease with hormone implications

Question 7

What are the causes of acute tubular necrosis

Answer 7

85% of cases

Common: hypotension and sepsis

Other: renal ischemia, nephrotoxins, major surgery, hypoperfusion, endogenous toxins, burns

Question 8

What are the symptoms associated with acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 8

Hematuria and proteinuria

Question 9

What are the causes of acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

Hypertension, edema, hypoercoagulability

Question 10

What are the proportions of AKI and what are they

Answer 10

85% acute tubular necrosis
10% interstitial nephritis
5% acute glomerulonephritis

Question 11

What are the symptoms of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 11

Decline in renal function secondary to lesion

Question 12

What causes acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 12

Inflammatory reaction within the renal interstitium

Induced by:

• drug therapy (commonly antibiotics)
• autoimmune disorders (lupus and scleroderma)
• infections (streptococcal and legionella)