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Lesson 8 - Physiology > RBC > Flashcards

RBC Flashcards

1
Q

8% of our body weight, 5-5.5L in adults that consists of ______ a liquid matrix and _______ cell and cell fragments

A

Blood; plasma, formed fragments

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2
Q

Plasma composition consists of 7% plasma proteins, 1% other solutes and 92% ______

A

Water

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3
Q

Formed elements consists of platelets, _______, and ______

A

WBC, RBC

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4
Q

Plasma proteins are functionally important as it establish _______ (holds water)

A

Osmotic pressure

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5
Q

Plasma protein that bind substances for transport which is also the smallest and most abundant

A

Albumins

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6
Q

Plasma protein that is important in blood clotting, and as antibodies

A

Globulins

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7
Q

Plasma protein that is important in blood clotting, and the largest

A

Fibrinogen

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8
Q

RBC or ______ are the most abundant blood cells that are flexible, biconcave and _______

A

Anucleated

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9
Q

Shapes of RBCs can change as the cells squeeze through ______ because it has great excess of cell membrane

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

RBC contains _______ enzymes for making ATP via glycolysis

A

Glycotic enzymes

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11
Q

RBC contains ______ that facilitates transport of CO2 which then converts CO2 to form of ________

A

Carbonic anhydrase; bicarbonate HCO3

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12
Q

________ in cells is an excellent acid- base buffer so RBCs are responsible for most acid-base buffering of blood

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

Main constituent of RBC about 1/3 of their weight is

A

Hemoglobin

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14
Q

RBCs live about _____ days and die in ____ capillaries

A

120; spleen

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15
Q

Growth and reproduction of different stem cells are controlled by

A

Growth inducers

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16
Q

Differentiation of the cells are functions of _______

A

Differentiation inducers

17
Q

first cells identified in RBC series

A

Proerythroblast

18
Q

The cell stage where nucleus condenses and final remnants is absorbed as well as the ER

A

Reticulocytes

19
Q

Reticulocytes contains ________ which are the remnants of Golgi, mitochon, few cell organelles

A

Basophilic material

20
Q

Cells pass from bone marrow to capillaries by _____ which is squeezing through pores of capillary membrane

A

Diapedesis

21
Q

Remaining basophilic material in reticulocytes disappear within _______ days and become

A

Mature erythrocyte

22
Q

Regulates RBC production

A

EPO or Erythropoietin

23
Q

Most essential RBC production regulator

A

Tissue oxygenation

24
Q

EPO is released into plasma when peripheral tissues especially _____ are exposed to ____ oxygen conc.

A

Kidney; low

25
Q

State of low oxygen tissue levels

A

Hypoxia

26
Q

90% of EPO are formed in kidneys while 10% in _____

A

Liver

27
Q

Renal tissue hypoxia leads to increased tissue levels of _____________________ (HIF-1)

A

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1

28
Q

_______ binds to hypoxia response element residing in ________ gene inducing transcription of mRNA and increasing __________

A

HIF-1; EPO; EPO synthesis

29
Q

Hypoxia in other parts of the body not in kidneys stimulates _________ secretion

A

Kidney EPO secretion

30
Q

Several prostagalindins and both ________ and _______ stimulate EPO production

A

Epinephhrine and noneph

31
Q

Is released during
1. Anemia
2. When blood flow to kidneys _____
3. Oxygen content of air in lungs _______
4. Resporstory surfaces of lungs ______

A

Decrease; decrease; damaged

32
Q

It takes 3 days for _______ to appear in ciculation. ________ for reitculocyte to become erythrocyte

A

New reticulocytes

33
Q

Vitamin _______ and _____ essentisl for DNA synthesis because they require formstion of ____________ and deficiencies will result to failure of RBC to proliferate rspidly

A

B12, folic acid; thymidine triphosphate

34
Q

Larger than RBCs, irregular shaped large and oval instead of biconcave disk, these cells are capable of carrying ______ but fragility cause them to have short life (________ anemia)

A

Macrocytes; oxygen; megaloblastic

35
Q

Absorption that requires normal gastric and intestinal function

Dietary B12 is released by ________ digestion in stomach, ________ of gastric body do not bind to B12 until both reach the ________ then B12+IF binds to receptor in terminal ______ then absorbed

A

Vitamin B12 absorption; acid peptic; Intrinsic factor (IF), jejenum; ileum

36
Q

Occurs when B12 is not released from food protein to due impared acid peptic digestion

A

Food cobalamin malabsorption

37
Q

Lack of _______ is caused by totsl gastrectomy or __________ which is a mediated gastrix atropy that leads to loss of parietal cells

A

IF; Pernicious Anemia

38
Q

Small intestinal disease that have gastrointestinal absorption abnormality that csnt absorp folic and b12

A

Sprue

Lesson 8 - Physiology (14 decks)

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