RAW MIDTERM Flashcards
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These include, journals and magazines, newspapers, plays, movies, works of art, tv and radio programs, cds and albums, long musical pieces, famous speeches, long poems, and pamphlets. These do not include religious texts
title of major works
appealing to their emotions
pathos
This is an abbreviation made by omitting letters from the middle of a word. It is used and accepted universally.
Conventional abbreviation
asking
question marks
comparing items
comparison and contrast
To indicate possession
To indicate omission of letters for contractions or abbreviations
To form the plural of letters, symbols, and words used as words
apostrophe`
relationship between certain actions, events, or situations. reason and consequences
cause and effect
full and clear statements of facts/information
explicit
To indicate exclusive dates, numbers, and titles
To report scores or results of contests
To represent conflict, connection, or direction between words
En dash–
In this pattern of organization, events or ideas are presented in a specific order that may either be forward or backward. From the root word chrono, which means “time”, ??? deals largely on the order of time as certain events happened.??? is typically used in narration as it tells a series of events as it happens usually from beginning to end.
chronological pattern or time pattern
situation first then i identified problem has to be solved
problem-solution
In this pattern of organization, four ideas are presented according to the order of importance: either from the most to the least important or vice versa. The purpose of a ??? is to establish the strength or weakness of a certain topic depending on the purpose of writing. ??? is typically used in exemplification, description, comparison and contrast, and analogy
climatic pattern
To introduce an idea, a list, or a long direct quotation
After the salutation or greeting in a formal letter
colon:
To enclose direct quotation
To enclose items enclosed in single quotation marks such as a quote within a quote
To enclose titles of songs, short stories, short poems, book chapters, and articles in journals, magazines and newspapers
To set stress, highlights or emphasis on certain words
double quotation marks”
convincing readers to change their belief or opinion
persuasion
to express strong emotions
exclamation
These include words and phrases from another language, terms from a certain field that are difficult for most people to understand, and words with special meanings not commonly known by other people.
Foreign words and phrases, technical terms, and unfamiliar words
these includes train, ships, aircraft and spacecraft
name of vechiles
_ information in proper order helps prevent any misunderstanding between the writer and the readers of text. Through this, the text can have an effective structure that presents a clear and steady flow of information. This, in turn, allows the readers to easily make sense of the information being presented to them
organization
To enclose a quote within a quote
To enclose a term with a particular meaning that is unique to the subject being addressed in a statement or text
To enclose a title of a song, a short story, or a quote within a headline
single quotation mark’
as a technical aspect of text, refers to the setting of a certain word’s first letter in uppercase. This is observed especially in formal writing and less in casual exchange of messages using various forms of media.
capitalization
This is an abbreviation formed from the first letters of a group of words. It is pronounced as a word.
Acronym
To separate independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions
To separate items in a series
To separate parts of an address
To separate a yes or no from the rest of the sentence that answers a yes-no question
To separate items in dates, geographical names, and places
To separate quotations or direct speeches from the rest of the sentence
To separate degree and titles in names
comma
This is an abbreviation formed by omitting the beginning or end of a word
clipping or shortening
- To end declarative sentences
- To end imperative sentences
- To end indirect questions
- In abbreviations
period
This is an abbreviation made up of two or more words joined together to coin a new word but refers to a single concept
Blend or Portmanteau
as a technical aspect of text, refers to the setting of the elements of texts such as words and phrases into italics. Italics is a style of typeface in which the letters slant to the right. It serves the following purposes: to show the distinction of certain words from the others, to emphasize certain words, and to set certain words apart from the rest.
italicization
These include letters and words that are identified as words
Letters and words used as words
To enclose an irrelevant or incidental information which is needed for clarification purposes
To enclose certain numbers or letters in a list
parentheses
implied or suggested statements which can be understood without being directly expressed
implicit
To indicate the omission of a word, phrase, line, or paragraph from a quoted text
ellipsis…
, as a technical aspect of text, refers to the areas between words, letters, lines and paragraphs. It allows the division of the different parts of the text and keeps the entire text in order. A text with proper spacing can be easily read and understood by the readers.
spacing
as a technical aspect of text, refers to the use of various marks to separate the elements of a text from one another. It ensures clarity in meaning and structure. It also helps to convey emotions expressed in every statement throughout the entire text. By observing proper punctuation in writing, readers will not be confused or misled
punctuation
To indicate a sudden break in thought or sentence structure
To set off parenthetical materials needed to be emphasized
Em dash—
types of claims
fact
values
policy
Imperative in nature Uses words such as Should, ought, or must. argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem.
claim of policy
To connect independent clauses that are closely related in meaning
To connect independent clauses linked with a transitional expression such as a conjunctive adverb or a transitional phrase
semi colon;
In this pattern of organization, the items are arranged according to how they appear physically. This pattern helps the reader to visualize how things are arranged according to their special order. It may either start from left to right, from the door to the window, or from the ceiling to the floor. ??? is typically used in description as it describes one’s location or an object or body part’s position
spartial pattern
Writing does not only require organization of information, it also requires proper use of mechanics. Mechanics refers to a set of conventions which focuses on the technical aspects of a text such as spacing, punctuation, italicization capitalization, and abbreviation. It is very essential to have a basic knowledge in mechanics because a simple mistake in any technical aspect can change what a statement is supposed to mean.
mechanics
telling a story
narration
facts, statistics and logics
logos
as a technical aspect of text, refers to the setting of a word or a phrase in a shortened form period. This is commonly done to save time and space in writing. ??? are used in everyday communication, while others are exclusive to a particular setting or context. Many of these ??? are considered informal, so it is important to avoid using them in writing formal texts.
abbreviation
Asserting that something existed, existing, or will exist in the future. Appropriate claim of _ - makes a claim that is debatable using factual evidence
claim of fact
- To connect parts of a compound word
- To connect split words such as numbers and job titles
Hypen-
To separate parts of internet addresses and file names for computer programsI
n fractions
To separate the day, month, and year in dates
In some abbreviations
To replace or or per
slash/virgule
creadible to make such a claim
ethos
These include words that are used to reproduce or copy certain sounds made by objects or animals.
words used as reproduced sounds
Personal belief of good or bad, right or wrong, and values. argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing
claim of values
mode of persuasion
ethos
logos
pathos
This is an abbreviation formed from the first letters of a group of words. It is pronounced by saying each letter individually
initialism
This is an abbreviation made up of words combined and pronounced as one. An apostrophe is used to replace one or some of the omitted letters
Contraction
