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Exotics > Rats > Flashcards

Rats Flashcards

1
Q

How big does a cage need to be for a rat?

A

2 square feet per rat

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2
Q

Which color of fat helps with staying warm in cold temperatues?

A

Brown fat

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3
Q

What is the scientific name for a rat?

A

Rattus Norvegicus

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4
Q

What color or pattern are Long Evans rats?

A

Hooded

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5
Q

What is the most common antibiotic used in rats (and mice?)

A

Enrofloxacin, or Baytril

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6
Q

What does Gnotobiotic mean?

A

Microflora has been identified

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7
Q

Which glands are responsible for “red tears”?

A

Harderian Glands

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8
Q

Which organ helps break down cellulose?

A

Cecum

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9
Q

What 2 types of bedding should NOT be used in mice and rats?

A

Cedar bc it releases toxic gas, and corn cob because it causes impaction when eaten

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10
Q

Which vessel can be used to collect blood without anesthesia in rats?

A

lateral tail vein

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11
Q

Which vessel can be used to collect blood with anesthesia?

A

Jugular vein

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12
Q

What is the ideal lab animal facility/hospital ward temperature?

A

85-90 degrees

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13
Q

Which agency inspects research facilities on a yearly basis?

A

APHIS, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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14
Q

What is the name of the albino rats?

A

Sprague-Dawley

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15
Q

What organ do rats not have?

A

Gallbladder

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16
Q

What is the rat lifespan?

A

2.5-3.5 years

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17
Q

What is the rat temperature?

A

96.6 -99.5

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18
Q

What is the rat estrus cycle?

A

4-5 days

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19
Q

What is the rat gestation and how large is the litter?

A

21-23 days, 6-12 pups

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20
Q

How long is weaning for a rat?

A

21 days

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21
Q

What do male rats have in their penises that dogs have too?

A

Os penis

22
Q

What is the urine pH of a rat and the specific gravity?

A

7.3-7.5 and 1.040-1.070

23
Q

What are the 3 types of rats?

A

Common outbred, common inbred and F1 hybrids

24
Q

Which breed of rat has autoimmune thyroiditis?

A

Buffalo rat

25
Q

How much blood can you safely take from a rat?

A

2-3 ml max, or 10% of total blood volume

26
Q

What is the typical total blood volume of a rat?

A

20-40 ml

27
Q

What are the 2 most common anesthesia complications in rats?

A

Hypothermia and hypoglycemia

28
Q

What size needles can be used to give medication SQ in rats?

A

23 and 25 gauge

29
Q

What is the max amount of meds that can be given IM in rats?

A

No more than 0.3 ml

30
Q

What is the preferred method of injection of medications in rats?

A

IP, intraperitoneally

31
Q

What 3 things must you have ready when doing surgery on a rat or rodent?

A

Incubator, eye lube, and a sugar mixture to give

32
Q

What is the most common respiratory pathogen in rats and what does it cause?

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis, causes MRM (murine respiratory mycoplasmosis)

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma pulmonis?

A

Labored breathing, teeth chattering, weight loss, conjuncitivits/discharge

34
Q

Name a zoonotic GI disease

A

Helicobacter

35
Q

What disease is caused by Clostridium pilaforme and is NOT zoonotic?

A

Tyzzer’s disease

36
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tyzzer’s disease?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia

37
Q

What does Staphylococcus aureus cause? What puts rats at risk for this?

A

Lesions and dermatitis.

Mutilation, open wounds, bare patches of skin

38
Q

Pseudo tuberculosis causes what?

A

Abscesses in the lungs and contents become caseous

39
Q

What is SDA (sialodacryoadenitis virus) and what are the symptoms?

A

A coronavirus that causes inflammation in the lacrimal and salivary glands. Highly contagious, symptoms are squinting/protrusion of the eye, swelling in the jaw/cervical region

40
Q

Hantavirus is zoonotic. How is it transmitted? What is its reservoir host?

A

Transmitted through rat waste/saliva when bitten, contaminated food or living environments, aerosol exposure. Reservoir host is wild rats.

41
Q

When humans get Hantavirus, what does it cause?

A

HFRS, Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

42
Q

What is IDIR (infectious disease of infant rats), treatment and symptom?

A

Rotavirus in rats 2 weeks or younger.
Supportive care is given.
Soft yellow stools accumulating around the anus

43
Q

What is the most common medication for external parasite control?

A

Ivermectin

44
Q

What are the most common tumors in rats?

A

Mammary tumors

45
Q

Name 2 neoplasias that commonly occur in rats

A

Lymphocytic leukemia and pituitary adenomas

46
Q

What is a common fungal skin disease?

A

Dermatophytosis, or ringworm

47
Q

Which side is the cecum located in rats?

A

Right caudal quadrant

48
Q

What is the most common cause of ringtail in rats?

A

Low humidity

49
Q

What is the ideal temperature for rats?

A

64-79 F

50
Q

When do male rats’ testicles come in?

A

At 3-4 weeks

Exotics (14 decks)

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