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Tech 4 > Rat- RATTUS NORVEGICUS > Flashcards

Rat- RATTUS NORVEGICUS Flashcards

1
Q

3 uses for rats:

A
  1. Good pets;
  2. Research;
  3. Food sources for other animals;
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2
Q

Behavior of rats:

A

very social; nocturnal; like to burrow/build nests; will escape from cages but will often return after exploring

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3
Q

The rat tail____% of the length of their bodies

A

85%

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4
Q

Brown fat stores ________

A

glycogen

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5
Q

Tails used for 2 things:

A
  1. Thermoregulation;

2. Balance

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6
Q

Rats lack a ________ and have a highly developed cecum

A

gall bladder

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7
Q

Rats cant _____ because of their limiting ridge

A

vomit

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8
Q

Rats have a divided ___________ stomach

A

monogastric

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9
Q

Large, pigmented, horseshoe-shaped lacrimal gland located behind the eye

A

Harderian Gland

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10
Q

Tears are secreted by the Hardarian gland and contain high levels of ________

A

porphyrin(red tears)

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11
Q

Extensive tissue ranging from the neck to inguinal region onto the sides and back

A

Mammary glands

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12
Q

Rats have 6 pairs of mammary glands: _____ thoracic and ____ abdominal

A

3; 3

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13
Q

What WBC is the most predominate cell in rats

A

lymphocytes

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14
Q

Males have higher _________ and _________ counts then females

A

granulocyte; lymphocyte

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15
Q

Rats can get increased ammonia levels from what?

A

very concentrated urine level

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16
Q

Rats diets should contain at least _____% of protein and ___ % fat

A

20-25; 4

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17
Q

Rats tend to become obese if fed ad lib, what two things could you do to decrease this from happening?

A

Use caution with the quantity & amount of food

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18
Q

Life span of rats:

A

2 and half to 3 years

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19
Q

Normal TPR for rats:

A

T= 99.5-100.6F; P=250-450bpm; RR=70-115rpm

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20
Q

Gestation for rats:

A

21-23 days

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21
Q

Avg litter size for rats:

A

6-12 pups

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22
Q

Housing temp for rats:

A

18-26 C

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23
Q

Light:Dark ratio number

A

12:12 (12 hours of day, 12 hours of night)

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24
Q

Humidity for rats:

A

30-70%

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25
Q

How often should you do an air exchange?

A

10-15/hr

26
Q

What are some uses in biomedical research using rats:

A

heart dz, metabolic disorders, organ transplants, toxicology, neurological behavioral studies, cancer, renal dz, infectious dz

27
Q

Strain used for great genetic diversity

A

Outbred

28
Q

4 types of outbred strains:

A
  1. Wistar;
  2. Long evans(hooded);
  3. Kyoto;
  4. Sprague-Dawley
29
Q

3 types of Inbred strains:

A
  1. CAR/CAS-albino;
  2. BB- spontaneously develop diabetes;
  3. Brattleboro-study diabetes insipidus
30
Q

A type of inbred strain but manipulated more is?

A

Mutant Strain

31
Q

3 types of mutant strains:

A
  1. Nude- lack a thymus and T cells;
  2. ZDF- zucker diabetic fatty rat
  3. SCID- severe compromised immunodeficiency (lack B and T cells, and have NO acquired immune system)
32
Q

Males have a larger distance from genitals to anus which is called?

A

anogenital distance

33
Q

Rats are ____________ and their postpartum estrous is ______hours after birth

A

polyestrus; 48hrs

34
Q

The ______ effect does not affect rats

A

Bruce

35
Q

The _______effect is less pronounced in rats

A

Whitten

36
Q

The weaning age for rats:

A

19-23 days

37
Q

2 restraint methods used for rats:

A
  1. One hand over the shoulder and back area, the other hand supports body;
  2. Rats head between first two fingers
38
Q

What is the most common site on rats for getting samples of blood?

A

tail vein

39
Q

____people are need for blood draws without restraining device

A

2

40
Q

What 4 places for venipuncture is sedation required?

A
  1. Femoral;
  2. Jugular;
  3. Retro-orbital;
  4. Cardiac puncture
41
Q

______ml/kg approx total blood volume for rats:

A

50-65

42
Q

No more than ____% of blood volume every 2-3 weeks

A

10%

43
Q

SQ injections use _______g needles

A

23-25

44
Q

You use this injection when giving it to the lower right abdominal quadrant

A

IP

45
Q

Fasting is not required for ________

A

anesthesia

46
Q

What 2 drugs are used when injecting anesthesia:

A
  1. Ketamine;

2. Xylazine

47
Q

IP max dose:

A

2.0

48
Q

SQ max dose:

A

2.0

49
Q

IM max dose:

A

0.3/site

50
Q

IV max dose:

A

0.5

51
Q

PO max dose:

A

2.0(5mls MAX)

52
Q

3 drugs used for pain on rats:

A
  1. Butorphanol;
  2. Buprenorphine;
  3. Metacam;
53
Q

Highly contagious; have 3 main serogroups; wide range of symptoms; virus shed in bodily fluids

A

Parvovirus

54
Q

Sialodacryoadenitis, rat coronavirus, sialoadenitis virus; swelling of lymph nodes/glands; bulging eyes; self mutilation

A

Coronaviruses

55
Q

Parainfluenza virus type 1; Dz depends on hosts immune status; respiratory signs; wt loss, chattering; Nude rats are fatal to this; contagious

A

Sendai Virus

56
Q

Common in pet rats; respiratory, and genital infection; highly contagious; 1-2 months to treat

A

Murine Mycoplasmosis

57
Q

Most common in rats*; large but rarely metastasize(spread)

A

Mammary tumors

58
Q

Mites and pinworms are cases of this health condition

A

parasites

59
Q

Due to a low humidity; constriction of the tail

A

Ring tail

60
Q

Overgrown incisors; can fix with nail trimmers or dental bur

A

Malocclusion

61
Q

3 ways to euthanize rats:

A
  1. Overdose of KCL & euthanasia solution IV(pets);
  2. Overdose of CO2;
  3. Overdose of isoflurane, halothane or sevoflurane(last resort)

Tech 4 (8 decks)

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