1. Good pets; 2. Research; 3. Food sources for other animals;

Rat- RATTUS NORVEGICUS Flashcards by Hannah Navarro

3 uses for rats:

Good pets;
Research;
Food sources for other animals;

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Behavior of rats:

very social; nocturnal; like to burrow/build nests; will escape from cages but will often return after exploring

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The rat tail____% of the length of their bodies

85%

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Brown fat stores ________

glycogen

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Tails used for 2 things:

Thermoregulation;

2. Balance

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Rats lack a ________ and have a highly developed cecum

gall bladder

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Rats cant _____ because of their limiting ridge

vomit

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Rats have a divided ___________ stomach

monogastric

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Large, pigmented, horseshoe-shaped lacrimal gland located behind the eye

Harderian Gland

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Tears are secreted by the Hardarian gland and contain high levels of ________

porphyrin(red tears)

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Extensive tissue ranging from the neck to inguinal region onto the sides and back

Mammary glands

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Rats have 6 pairs of mammary glands: _____ thoracic and ____ abdominal

3; 3

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What WBC is the most predominate cell in rats

lymphocytes

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Males have higher _________ and _________ counts then females

granulocyte; lymphocyte

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Rats can get increased ammonia levels from what?

very concentrated urine level

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Rats diets should contain at least _____% of protein and ___ % fat

20-25; 4

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Rats tend to become obese if fed ad lib, what two things could you do to decrease this from happening?

Use caution with the quantity & amount of food

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Life span of rats:

2 and half to 3 years

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Normal TPR for rats:

T= 99.5-100.6F; P=250-450bpm; RR=70-115rpm

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Gestation for rats:

21-23 days

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Avg litter size for rats:

6-12 pups

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Housing temp for rats:

18-26 C

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Light:Dark ratio number

12:12 (12 hours of day, 12 hours of night)

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Humidity for rats:

30-70%

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How often should you do an air exchange?

10-15/hr

What are some uses in biomedical research using rats:

heart dz, metabolic disorders, organ transplants, toxicology, neurological behavioral studies, cancer, renal dz, infectious dz

Strain used for great genetic diversity

Outbred

4 types of outbred strains:

1. Wistar; 2. Long evans(hooded); 3. Kyoto; 4. Sprague-Dawley

3 types of Inbred strains:

1. CAR/CAS-albino; 2. BB- spontaneously develop diabetes; 3. Brattleboro-study diabetes insipidus

A type of inbred strain but manipulated more is?

Mutant Strain

3 types of mutant strains:

1. Nude- lack a thymus and T cells; 2. ZDF- zucker diabetic fatty rat 3. SCID- severe compromised immunodeficiency (lack B and T cells, and have NO acquired immune system)

Males have a larger distance from genitals to anus which is called?

anogenital distance

Rats are ____________ and their postpartum estrous is ______hours after birth

polyestrus; 48hrs

The ______ effect does not affect rats

Bruce

The _______effect is less pronounced in rats

Whitten

The weaning age for rats:

19-23 days

2 restraint methods used for rats:

1. One hand over the shoulder and back area, the other hand supports body; 2. Rats head between first two fingers

What is the most common site on rats for getting samples of blood?

tail vein

____people are need for blood draws without restraining device

What 4 places for venipuncture is sedation required?

1. Femoral; 2. Jugular; 3. Retro-orbital; 4. Cardiac puncture

______ml/kg approx total blood volume for rats:

50-65

No more than ____% of blood volume every 2-3 weeks

10%

SQ injections use _______g needles

23-25

You use this injection when giving it to the lower right abdominal quadrant

Fasting is not required for ________

anesthesia

What 2 drugs are used when injecting anesthesia:

1. Ketamine; | 2. Xylazine

IP max dose:

2.0

SQ max dose:

2.0

IM max dose:

0.3/site

IV max dose:

0.5

PO max dose:

2.0(5mls MAX)

3 drugs used for pain on rats:

1. Butorphanol; 2. Buprenorphine; 3. Metacam;

Highly contagious; have 3 main serogroups; wide range of symptoms; virus shed in bodily fluids

Parvovirus

Sialodacryoadenitis, rat coronavirus, sialoadenitis virus; swelling of lymph nodes/glands; bulging eyes; self mutilation

Coronaviruses

Parainfluenza virus type 1; Dz depends on hosts immune status; respiratory signs; wt loss, chattering; Nude rats are fatal to this; contagious

Sendai Virus

Common in pet rats; respiratory, and genital infection; highly contagious; 1-2 months to treat

Murine Mycoplasmosis

Most common in rats*; large but rarely metastasize(spread)

Mammary tumors

Mites and pinworms are cases of this health condition

parasites

Due to a low humidity; constriction of the tail

Ring tail

Overgrown incisors; can fix with nail trimmers or dental bur

Malocclusion

3 ways to euthanize rats:

1. Overdose of KCL & euthanasia solution IV(pets); 2. Overdose of CO2; 3. Overdose of isoflurane, halothane or sevoflurane(last resort)