Mice- MUS MUSCULUS Flashcards
4 types of genetic strains
- Outbred
- Inbred
- Congenic
- Transgenic
Results from random mating to achieve genetic variations; genetically heterogeneous and are used to represent diversity of the human population
Outbred Strain
Are the result of brother/sister/father/daughter/mother/son matings for a min of 20 consecutive generations
Inbred Strain
BALB/c Strain-
C57BL-
Albino
Black
Animals genetically different at one particular locus
Congenic Strains
Are the result of microinjection of DNA into mouse eggs for the production of very specific dz models
Transgenic Strains
5 eccological types
- Germ free or axenic
- Gnotobiotic
- Specific pathogen free
- Conventional
- Sentinel animals
Free of all detectable microflora; mice housed in filtered cages and on specific diets
Germ free or axenic
associated known mircroflora
Gnotobiotic
free of specific pathogens
Specific pathogen free
animals with undefined microflora and housed with no special precautions (dont know health status)
Conventional
healthy animal placed in a room with other animals as a means of detecting the presence of dz
Sentinel animals
7 uses for mice
- Short life span
- Short gestation
- Large litter sizes
- Great genetic diversity
- Inexpensive
- Easy to maintain
- Make good models for toxicity tests
Shoe box caging holds __females & __ males
5;4
Behavior of mice:
Nocturnal but easily awakened
Social animals
Handle gently/continence
Male mice have more tendency to fight
When a dominant mouse in a group will remove the facial hair from all other mice in the cage; source of stress
Barbering
Mice have a ______ developed sense of smell and acutely ________ sense of hearing
highly; sensitive
Life span of mice is _______ years
1-3 years
Body temp of mice is ________degrees F
98-101 degrees F
HR of mice is ________bmp
RR of mice is ________rpm
300-750bpm
70-120rpm
Gestation period for mice is ________days
19-21 days
Weaning age of mice is ________days
21-28 days
When tail tissue/.muscle breaks off the bone
degloving injury
Rodent dental formula:
2(I 1/1, C 0/0, P 0/0, M 3/3)
Meaning they continuously grow throughout their lives
open rooted
The incisors change color with _____
age
Incisors are ______, meaning open rooted
hypsodontic
5 paired mammary glands, ____ throacic and ____ abdominal
3; 2
Mice DO NOT have _____ glands
sweat
2 main purposes of the tail
balance
thermoregulation
Males have 2 distinct features
open inguinal canals
os penis
Lacrimal glands located behind the eye is what kind of gland?
Harderian
Medical term for red tears:
Chromodacroyhea
The Harderian gland secretes what?
porphyrin (red tears)
Distance between the anus and genitals
Anogenital distance
The anogenital distance is longer in _______
males
Their polyestrus cycle is ____ days
4-5
Postpartum estrus is ____ hours after parturition
24
Cage should be cleaned and food/water should be placed ___ week prior to parturition
1
Baby mice and rats are called ______
pups
They typically have hair at ____ week of age and their eyes open at about ___ weeks of age
1; 2
When a group of female mice are exposed to a male, the majority will be in estrous by the ____ night & this is also called what?
third; Whitten Effect
This effect is when a pregnant female will return to estrus when exposed to a strange male
Bruce Effect
Within ___ hours of copulation the female will release a hormone, get an abortion, and then get impregnated by a new male. Only happens once
48
This effect is when a female is bred during postpartum estrus, and she will have an extended gestation
Lee Boot Effect
The Lee Boot Effect is _________ days
35-40
Their digestive system is divided into 2 parts:
Glandular
Aglandular
Recycles B vitamins made by colonic bacteria
Coprophagy
Mice are unable to:
regurgitate and vomit
Brown fat is located between __________ and around _________
shoulders; kidneys
Rodents have a large _______
cecum
Brown fat stores energy in the form of
glycogen
Cage card should include:
PI Contact info Strain (Balbc) Date of birth Bio hazard info* # of mice in the cage*
5 types of identification methods:
Ear notching/punching Cage cards Ink tail markings Microchipping Ear tag
2 types of sampling of rodents blood:
Gastric gavage
Blood sampling
Rodents must are usually awake for which 3 routes:
saphenous
lateral tail vein
submandibular
Rodents MUST be sedated for which 2 routes:
Retro-orbital sinus Cardiac puncture (euthanized after)
Total Body Volume= ____% of body weight in grams
7
Low dose:
High dose:
10%
15%
4 types of injections on rodents:
IV
IM
IP
SQ
___-____g needles, tuberculin syringes & alcohol swabs are for ___ injections
23-25; IV
0.05ml are in mice by which injection
IM
____gauge needle/ tuberculin syringe is used in IM
25
___ injections allows for larger volumes
IP
Animals head for IP should tilted _____ than the rest of the body so the abdominal organs fall forward
lower
The needle for IP should be inserted bevel up at a ____ degree angle
20
The syringe should be ________ to ensure no organs have been punctured
aspirated
SQ injections give _____ ml to mice
2-3
Name the max dosing amount for each injection: IP/SQ/IM/IV/PO
IP=2.0ml SQ= 2.5ml IM=0.05ml IV=0.125ml PO= 1.0ml
Some signs of pain rodents show:
weight loss, sunken eyes, change in urine, fecal output hunched posture lethargy, depression, isolation change in locomotion ruffled hair coat ocular/nasal discharge change in behavior selfmutilation analgesics may be given
2 common pain meds given to rodents:
butophanol
buprenex (buprenorphine)
This virus is a respiratory dz (morbidity is 100%), can be combined with bacterial infection, seen in young weanlings/stressed mice, rough hair coat, hunched posture, dyspnea, chattering,
Sendai Virus
Most common health condition, causes upper respiratory dz (rhinitis, head tilt),both treated with antibiotics in water
Mycoplasma pulmonis, Pasteurella Pneumotropica
Corona Virus
Common in iummunosuppressed
Dehydration, wt loss, d+, sudden death
Need to control in colony
Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV)
Corona virus similar to MHV
Causes swelling of lymph nodes/hardarian gland (behind eyes)
Animal may have ocular lesions & become photophobic
Supportive therapy
May also see red tears
Sialodacryodenitis
Wild mice
Passed by arthropods
Hunched posture, photophobia, convulsions
Zoonotic by bite wounds, infected tissure/urine
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM)
Rotavirus
Miss less than 2 weeks of age
Soft yellow feces
Filter top cages, cull affected litters
Epizootic D+ of infant mice (EDIM)
Clostridium or bacilus piliformis- bacterium form spores
wt loss, rough hair coat, listlessness, sudden death
Due to poor housing conditions
Tyzzers Dz
2 main types of Mouse Parvoviruses
MPV type 1
Mouse Minute Virus (MMV)
Targets intestinal/lymphoid tissue (subclinical)
Causes immune dysfunction
Mouse Parvoviruses
2 Endoparasites/Ectoparasites:
pinworms
mites
Aspicularis tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata
Fecal float, cellphance tape
Anthelminitic=Ivermectin
Pinworms
Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus
Alopecia, pruritus, dermatitis
Pluck fur, scrape skin
Ivermectin/Mitaban
Mites
2 Misc health conditions:
moist dermatitis
Neoplasia
Moist dermatitis=
Neoplasia=
wet housing condition
mammary tumors
Nutrition of rodents:
Omnivores
pelleted diets are preferable to see mixtures
Food should be in crocks or hoppers
Fresh water
3 ways to euthanize rodents:
- Overdose of isoflurance, halothane or sevoflurance (last resort)(inhalants)
- Overdose of injectable barbiturate(euthanasia solution)(clinical setting)(IP)
- Overdose of CO2 (research setting)
Overdose of CO2 will not be successful in mice under ____ weeks of age; resistant to hypoxia
16
Never _________ CO2 chamber for euthanasia
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