Intro to Lab Medicine Flashcards
Field of science devoted to the production, care and study of lab animals used in biomedical research and education
Lab Animal Science
Contains many scientific and educational disciplines such as:
anatomy, animal science, comparative biology, engineering, environmental science, ethics, genetics, microbiology, pharmacology, physiology and toxicology
6 applications of lab animals in biomedical research
- education and training
- Pharmaceutical/chemical industry
- Life science
- Animal sciences
- Agricultural sciences
- Behavioral research
Germ theory
microorganisms cause dz
384-322 BC ________ was the first man to perform experiments on living animals
Aristotle
In 1880’s ______ __________ convincingly demonstrated the germ theory of medicine by introducing anthrax in sheep
Louis Pasteur
In 1890’s _______ _______ used dogs to describe classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
In 1955 _____ ___ developed the polio vaccine using rhesus macaques
Jonas Salk
In 1996 _____ ___ ______ was born, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell
Dolly the sheep
Animals used for laboratory medicine:
mice (90% - rats 95%) rabbits fish (zebra fish) frogs sheep (cardio- goats vascular) ferrets guinea pigs (nutritional research) gerbils non-human primates newts shrews (can V) dogs cats
Animals come from…..
specialized animal breeding companies and very strict health regulations and mandatory quarantine
7 Regulatory Organizations:
The Guide for the Care and use of Lab Animals IACUC USDA AAALAC Animal Welfare Act AVMA AALA
A book published by the Institute of Laboratory Animals Resources
The Guide for the Care and use of Lab Animals
IACUC
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
An IACUC must include 4 people:
veterinarian
outside member (non-biased)
one practicing scientist
member with no scientific background
IACUC has ___________inspections _____ a year
announced; twice
Protocols are good for __ years
3
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
USDA has ________ inspections _______ a year
unannounced; once
USDA looks at 3 things:
record keeping
identification of animals
procedures completed
AAALAC
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Lab Animals Care
A private, non profit organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in science through voluntary accreditation and assessment programs
AAALAC
AAALAC inspects facilities every __years
3
*VOLUNTARY
Mandated by the USDA
First created in 1966
Not ALL animals are covered under this
Animal Welfare Act
What are some animals that are NOT covered by the Animal Welfare Act
lab mice/rats, food production animals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates
AVMA
American Veterinarian Medical Association
Regulates continuing education credits
Certify vet techs
AVMA
Need 16 CE every ___ years
2
AALAS
American Association for Lab Animal Science
*Certify vet techs of laboratory medicine
ALAT:
LAT:
LATG:
assistant lab animal tech
lab animal tech
lab animal technologist
The 3 R’s
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
non animal alternative; use less advanced animals
Replacement
ways to reduce amount of animals needed in a study
Reduction
methods incorporate modification of procedure to lessen animal pain/distress/ and enhance animal well-being
Refinement
The 3 R’s were created by 2 British scientists:
Russel and Burch
Not known to consistently cause dx in incompetent adult humans; standard microbiological practices Ex. E. Coli
BSL 1
Associated with human dz, hazard: percutaneous injury, MM exposure, ingestion; limited access; eyewash readily available Ex. HIV or bites
BSL 2
Indigenous or exotic agents with potential for aerosol transmission, dz may have serious or lethal consequences; controlled access; PPE; physical separation from access corridors Ex. Tuberculosis
BSL 3
Dangerous/exotic agents with pose high risk of life threatening dz; clothing change, shower on exit; separated building or isolated zone. Ex. Herpes Simiae
BSL 4
3 Important factors of the Vet Techs in lab medicine:
- be a voice for the animals
- make sure research and animal care staff are properly doing procedures and caring for the animals
- Be available for research staff when a procedure needs done or offer advice to make the procedure better
