Rabbits- ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS Flashcards
What is the genus species name for rabbits?
Oryctolagus Cuniculus
Whats the order name?
Lagamorpha
Whats the family name?
Leporidae
What is the wild rabbit known as?
Hares- lepus and cotton tails (cannot interbreed)
What is the rabbit derived from?
the wild European rabbit
What 3 things categorize breeds?
size;
anatomy;
color
Whats the most commonly used rabbit in research?
New Zealand White (NZW)
4 uses of rabbits:
- pets;
- hobby breeding;
- research;
- meat
Why are rabbits used substantially in research?
size;
ease of handling;
blood collection;
drug testing/genetics/immunology
What are the ears primarily used for?
thermoregulation
Lifespan:
(5-6 years) up to 15 years
Gestation:
29-35 days
Litter size:
4-10 kits
TPR:
(101.3-104 F) (130-325) (30-60)
Behavior:
docile, alert, social;
sexually mature rabbits are MORE aggressive
How many pairs do they have of incisors?
2 pairs
What type of urine do rabbits have?
thick, cloudy urine (8.2 pH, crystals, porphyrin)
Two types of feces:
- day time feces=round, firm, green
2. night time feces= cecotrophes, covered in mucus
Finding cecotropes in a rabbits cage may be a sign of what?
poor health
Do rabbits have foot pads?
No
Do rabbits have retractable claws?
No
What are PEG teeth?
they are teeth that are situated directly behind the maxillary incisors
Rabbits incisors grow approximately how long per year?
10cm per year
How many pairs of upper incisors do rabbits have?
2
What WBC is more common in rabbits than other species?
basophils
Why cant rabbits vomit?
because they have a very weak esophageal muscle
Is a rabbits cecum large or small?
LARGE (10x the size of the stomach)
What is the dominant WBC in rabbits?
lymphocytes
Are rabbits induced ovulators?
yes
How long is the period of receptivity?
7-10 days
How many times a day do kits nurse?
once a day
Weaning age?
4-6 weeks
Kits are born hairless and blind, what breed of rabbit are the kits born precocious?
Hares
Females can re-breed after how long from giving birth?
24 hours after giving birth
The birthing process for rabbits is called?
Kindling
This is not required because most of their passive immunity is acquired before birth through the placenta
colostrum
Females AKA:
Males AKA:
Does;
Bucks
What is condition is rare pertaining to the birthing process?
dystocia
Whats unique about a rabbits uterus?
double cervix
Rabbits should consume what percent of body weight in food and in water?
5% in food;
10% in water
What % of fiber should rabbit food contain:
18% or higher
What % of fat should be in rabbit food:
2.5% or lower
What % of protein should be in rabbit food:
16% or less
What % of calcium should be in rabbit food:
1% or less
What food should you avoid?
food that’s high in starch/sugar
Results from 24hr confinement:
obesity; pododermatitis; poor bone density; poor muscle tone; poor GI function; aggression; over-grooming; boredom
Temp for rabbit environment:
60-70 F
Humidity:
30-70%
Air exchanges:
10-15/hr
Light:Dark ratio:
12:14 hrs of light per day
The most common place on rabbits back for fractures is?
L7- S1
SQ amt:
20 ml/kg (flank or scruff)
IM amt:
0.5 mls/site (lumbar, quads, semimembranous, semitendinous)
What injection is NOT recommended on rabbits?
IP
ID amt:
0.1 ml or less
Where do you give IV injections on rabbits?
marginal ear vein, saphenous, cephalic
Bolus amt:
2 mls/kg
Infusion amt:
20 mls/kg
What route do you use for bigger gauges?
auricular artery; put lidocaine cream on ear to numb
What 4 ways can you give oral meds to rabbits?
- Incorporation of meds into food/water;
- Oral dosing syringe;
- Adding sugar to meds;
- Nasogastric intubation
How long should rabbits be fasted for anesthesia?
2-6 hours
What drug has NO effect on rabbits?
Atropine
What does atropine have no effect on rabbits?
rabbits have an enzyme (Esterase) that hydrolyzes atropine
What drug do you give in substitution of atropine?
Glycopyrrolate
What drug is mostly used for short procedures?
propofol
What drug is not used unless given intranasal due to nephrotoxicity?
Telazol
What are common anesthetics used?
acepromazine, valium, ketamine, xylazine, pentobarbital
Fentanyl or acepromazine is often given what route for light sedation?
SQ or IM
Whats the most common drug combo?
Ketamine/Xylazine
What can you also add to the combo of ketamine/xylazine?
butorphanol
3 inhalants used on rabbits:
isoflurane;
sevoflurane;
methoxyflurane
When assessing depth what are the best indicators for rabbits?
RR and jaw tone
What drug should you use for a major painful surgery?
buprenorphine
What steps should be taken while clipping rabbits fur?
use #40 blade;
pull skin tight;
make sure the clipper blade is parallel
Males have open inguinal canals that must be sutured closed to prevent what?
herniation of the abdominal contents
What are some pain meds used?
butorphanol, buprenorphine, metacam, rimadyl
2 ways to euthanize rabbits:
- OD of barbiturate or euthanasia solution IV
2. Inhalants or CO2 can be used but are less favorable methods(last resort)