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Rad video > rapids and cases > Flashcards

rapids and cases Flashcards

1
Q

Perthes lesion

2 mc after bankart

A

labroligamentous avulsion with medially stripped periosteum

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2
Q

ALPSA

ant labrolig periosteal sleeve avulsion

A

tear of anteroinf labrum without rupture of scapular periosteum; inf GH, labrum and periosteum are stripped

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3
Q

GLAD lesion

glenolabral articul disruption

A

superfic tear of ant labrum attached to fragment of articu cartilage without stripping

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4
Q

Scurvy bone findings

A 
osteoporosis
subperiost haemor
wimberger sign - line around epi
white line of frankel - meta
metaphyseal beaking - pelkan
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5
Q

Kummell disease

A

delayed post traumatic collapse
intravertebral vacuum cleft ( osteonecrosis
steroids

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6
Q

congenital unilat pedicle absence

A

overgrowth/sclerosis of contralate
asympto
widening of neural foramen
TP always abnormal

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7
Q

sarcoid in bones

A 
10% affected
lacelike phalangeal
acro osteolysis
soft tissue swelling
rapidly destructive
ask for CXR!
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8
Q

thalassaemia bone findings

A

MC/MT/phala widening, squaring, thinned cortices, coarse trabeculae

Skull- widened diploe, hair on end

PNS - obliterated sinuses, incisors pushed forward ‘ rodent facies’

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9
Q

dens fracture types

A

A - tip LC
B- across base of dens : MC, high rte of non , C1-2 fusion
C- subdental across body of axis; Rx halo

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10
Q

gamekeepers, skiers thumb - do MRI

steners

A

tear of UCL of 1st MCPJ

if torn ligament is superficial to Adductor policis aponeurosis > Steners lesion > prevents apposition to bone >surgery

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11
Q

maisonneuve #

A

prox fibular #

wideneing of medial mall jt space, post malleolar #

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12
Q

leptomeningeal cyst

A

growing #
< 3y, depressed skull #
pia arach herniates through tear
elliptical with bevelled edges

DDx - dermoid, epidermoid, encephaloceo, post surgical defect

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13
Q

calcaneonavicular coalition

talocalcaneal coa

A

young,
osseos, cartila, both

calcaneonavicu - anteater nose sign

talocalc -
c sign,
talar beak ( due to stress on talonav joint)

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14
Q

pincer type FA impingement

A

acetabular over coverage

anterior margin of acet projecting lateral to post margin ( cross over sign )

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15
Q

boeler angle

A

line anterior cal facet - post calcan facet - post cal tuberosity
20-40 deg

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16
Q

calcaneal pitch

A

angle formed by intersection of line along plantar aspect of calcaneus and line parallel to floor
normal 20-30
< 20 hindfoot equinus
>30 hindfoot calcaneus

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17
Q

Haglund Xd

A

retrocalcaneal bursitis
achilles tendionopathy
retroachilles bursitis
exostosis of posterosuperior calcaneus

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18
Q

macrodactyly
cong 6
acq 3

A 
congenital
lymphangioma, haemangioma
klippel trenauny
weber
Ollier
NF1
proteus

Acquired:
dactylitis
osteoid osteoma
melorheostosis

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19
Q

features of metastatic vertebral #

A 
T1 low/T2 high, T2 high halo ( fluid in osteo)
posterior bulging
no fracture line
soft tissue componenet
 DWI +ve
CE +ve
multiple levels, also abnormal signal without #
any vertebrae can be involved
posterior elements involved
out phase - high SI - no fat
cortical destruction
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20
Q

superficial siderosis brain

A

ch recurrent haemorrhages - AVM, tumours, post op

hearing loss, cerebellar dysfunc
pyramidal tract signs
mental deterio

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21
Q

H & N dermoid cyst

A 
2-3rd decades
m=f
7% H & N
lateral eyebrow MC
10% floor of mouth
5% malignant change to SCC
excise - above myol- intraoral

CT : ‘marbles’ due to coalescence of fat - pathognomonic

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22
Q

Huntington disease

A

diffuse cortical atrophy
caudate and putamen most affected
heart shaped frontal horns

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23
Q

Temporal bone #

types 2

A

Longitudinal 70-90%
parallels long axis of PTB
conductive hearing loss, disloc ossicl, CSF otorhinorrhoea

Tranverse #
perpendicular 
occiput/frontal blow
sensorineural HL
sev vertigo, nystagmus FN palsy 30-50%
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24
Q

DNET

A 
benign supratentorial
partial complex seizures
occ cystic
focal cortical lesion MC temporal 
hypodense CT
T1 hypoin, T2 hyper
bright rim sign FLAIR
minimal CE
bubbly appearance

DDx ganglioglioma, low grade astro, PXA

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25
Q

spinal cord infarction

A

artery of Adamkiwicz T8- conus
central high T2 signal
initial cord expansion later atrophy
owl eye appearance

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26
Q

Cowden disaese

A 
Lhermitte duclos disease ( cerebell gangliocytoma - striated mass) half have cowden
AD phakomatosis
colonic polyps
cutaneos tumours
meningioma
glioma
thyroid/Br neoplasms
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27
Q

adrenoleukodystrophy

A

XL R
nl head size
5 -10 yrs
adrenal insuff, abnormal sk pigmentation

periatrail WM + splenium
No grey matter involvement

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28
Q

Lemierre Xd

A 
septic jugular vein thrombophelbitis
after oropharyngeal infections
tonsillitis etc
life threatening
young
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29
Q

MEN 2

A

medullary thyroid ca - always

phaeochromocytoma - common

a - parathyroid hyperplasia

b - mucosal neuromas

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30
Q

septo optic dysplasia

A 
mildest form of holoprosencephaly
hypoplas ON
absence of septum pel
squared off frontal horns
endocrine abnormlaities
migration anomalies
schizencepha 50%
periventricular cysts
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31
Q

Bilateral coloboma

A

outpouching of posterior globe

CHARGE Xd

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32
Q

clay shoveller #

A 
# one or more spinous processes
mc C7
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33
Q

Hoffa #

A

posterior tangential # of one or both femoral condyles

can be invisible on frontal

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34
Q

Chauffeur # aka Hutchisons

A

radial styloid #

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35
Q

Tillaux #

Maisonneuve

A

avulsion of anterolateral margin of distal tibia
SalterH type 3

Maisonneuve
medial malleolus
Prox fibula

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36
Q

Cottons #

A

Trimalleolar #

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37
Q

Aviators #

A

neck of talus

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38
Q

Hangmans #

A 
C2
hyperentension
pedicles of C2 with anterolisthesis of C2 on C3
no deficit
teardrop # inferior aspect of C2/3
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39
Q

Malgaigne #

A

unstable pelvic # 14%
vertical shearing ant + post arches
pubic rami and sacral #

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40
Q

Chopart fracture

A

fracture dislocation of midtarsal joints (sup disloc navi and cuboid

41
Q

Jefferson #

A

burst fracture of C1
bilateral lateral mass offset
no neuro deficit

42
Q

Barton

A

Dorsal rim distal radius with intraarticular ext

43
Q

Potts #

A

lower end of fibula and medial malleolus

44
Q

non traumatic ICH

A

Underlying lesion : tumour, AVM, cavernoma, aneurysm

Amyloid angio
Dural VT
Hypertensive angio
coagulopathy

45
Q

capillary telangiectasia

A 
do not touch
brainstem
radiation
no T2
brush like CE
dark on SWI
46
Q

caroticocavernous fistula

A 
dilated SOV
proptosis
enlarged EOM
retrobulbar FS
bowed CS
can be indirect - low flow
47
Q

miliary mets

A 
thyroid ca
RCC
breast
melanoma
pancreatic
osteosarc
trophoblastic
48
Q

Miliary opacities

Afebrile

A 
(TB) both
(fungal) both
varicella healed
mets
sarcoid
pneumoconiosis -siol/Cwp
haemosiderosis
HP can be febrile
LCH
PAProteinosis
multifocal micronod pneumocyte hyperplasia
49
Q

cannonball mets

5

A 
RCC
chorio
prostate
synovial
endometrial
50
Q

primaries which freq met to lungs

6

A 
chorio
ewings
melanoma
osteo
testicular
thyroid
51
Q

MC primaries which give pulmonary mets

A 
Breast
CRC
RCC
uterine leiomyo
H + N SCC
52
Q

Bezolds abscess

A

rare complication of acute suppurative mastoiditis
infection erodes mastoid tip and extends into neck/SCM
Abscess formation
torticollis
also ass with cholesteatomas

53
Q

Basilar invagination

PF ROACH

A 
PAgets
FD
Rickets/OM/ 
Osteogenesis
Achondroplasia
Cleidocranial
Hyperpara
54
Q

posterior vertebral body scalloping
congenital
dural ectasia
increased canal pressure

A

OI
mucopolysacc
achondroplasia

NF
Ehlers
Marfan

Syrinx
spinal canal tumour

55
Q

cholesteatoma

key sequence

A

DWI restriction

beware epidermoid

56
Q

subchondral osteonecrosis of knee

now called subchondral insufficiency # of knee

A

post op
stress related
diff location to OCD but similar appearance

57
Q

Hemitruncus arteriosus

A

main PA continues as LPA

RPA arises from Asc Ao

58
Q

Xd associated with gallstones

A

Bouveret - gastric outlet obstruction from GS

Mirizzi

Gilbert - congenital enzyme def > GS

59
Q

Modified Fisher Scale Grading for SAH

A

I - thin < 1mm , no IVH/ICH
2 - thin < 1mm, IVH
3 - thick > 1 mm, no IVH
4 - thick , IVH

60
Q

AICA vascular loops in CP angle

Types

A

I - lying in CPA not entering IAC
II - extending < 50% of length of IAC
III - > 50% of length of IAC

61
Q

Achondroplasia
key findings

Skull
Chest
Limbs/hands
Spine
Pelvis
A 
Skull :
macrocephaly
Frontal bossing
NARROWED FM
comm hydrocephalus
large AF

Chest:
ant rib flaring
Short AP Diameter

Pelvis
Tombstone ilia
horizontal acetabulum
champagne pelvis
trident acetabulum
Limbs/hands
Rhizomelic shortening/ bowing/ shortening MC/MT
Trumpet shaped tubular bones
Trident hand
Chevron sign ( inverted V epiphyses)

Spinal
bullet shaped vertebra
posterior vertebral scalloping
prog decrease in interpedicular distance

check for FM narrowing!

62
Q

MRI features of adhesive capsulitits

4

A

Capsular thickening > 9mm
T2 high in axillary recess
Abnormal ST in rotator interval
Thickening of coracohumeral ligament > 4mm

63
Q

Vascular malformation types
Tumours
low flow vascul mal
high flow vasc

A

Tumours:
infantile haemangioma - involute

Low flow:
Venous : phleobliths, CE
Lymphatic
perc sclerotherapy

High flow
AVM - embolisation

64
Q

Muller Weiss Syndrome

Adult Kohler

A

adult onset osteonecrosis of navicular

affects lateral aspect

65
Q

BIRADS risk of malignancy

A 
0 - incomplete
1 - 0%
2 - 0 % - routine FU
3 - < 2% prob benign - 6/12 FU
4a - low suspicion >2 < 10%
4b - mod susp >10<50%
4c - high suspicion > 50 < 95%
5 highly suggestive > 95%
6 bx proven
66
Q

Biliary hamartomas

von meyenburg complexes

A 
incidental 1-5%
small < 1cm benign lesions
CT : hypo
US hypo, may contain echogenic cholesterol
MR : high T2, no or rim CE
67
Q

Focal hepatic hot spot sign

“hot quadrate (IV)”

A 
SVC obstruction
(collateral venous pathway : int mamm>paraumbil>left portal vein)

Focally inc bld flow to segment IV
Tc99m sulphur colloid inc activity
Intense early CE on CT

68
Q

flip flop enhancement of the liver

A

Budd Chiari

69
Q

pancreatic lipomatosis

causes 5

A 
CF
Steroids
DM
Cushings
Scqachman diamond Xd
70
Q

Fat ring sign

A

mesenteric panniculitis

fat rim around vessels

71
Q

hepatic honeycomb sign

A

hepatic melioidosis abscess

72
Q

Right paraduodenal hernia

A

through fossa of waldeyer

located behind SMA

73
Q

Left paraduodenal hernia

A

fossa of landzert

IMV lies in its anterior wall

74
Q

MR spect finding in CNS Tuberculosis

A 
Inc lipid lactate peak
Reduced NAA (mets, other tumours)
75
Q

Erlenmeyer flask def

CHONG

A 
C - craniometaphyseal dysplasia
H -haemoglobinopathies
Osteopetrosis
Nieman-Pick
Gauchers
76
Q

Glutaric aciduria Type 1

A

B/L widened sylvian fissures
mitochondrial
macrocephaly
symm BG lesions

77
Q

atretic parietal cephalocoele

A

underlying anomalies : persistent falcine sinus, sinus pericranii, absence of straight sinus
Ass with mat folate def/ valproate use

78
Q

Leukoencephalopathy with anterior temporal cysts

3

A

Congenital CMV infection ( periven Ca)

megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy

vanishing white matter disease

79
Q

Radial scar of the breast

complex sclerosing lesions

A

Idiopathic
not related to surgery
trauma

archi distortion, central lucency, black star appearance
may contain micro ca
different on diff projections
Ddx - ca, surgical,fat necro
Excision biopsy

ass atypical ductal hyper/ca ? upto 50%

80
Q

bilateral breast skin thickening

A 
CHF
nephrotic
dermatologic
SVC obst
lymphatic obstruction
scleroderma
dermatomyositis
81
Q

unilat breast skin thickening

A 
inflamm cancer
radiation
infection/inflamm
axillary lLN obstruction
occ CHF
82
Q

reduction mammoplasty

mmg findings

A 
elevated, flatter breast
more tissue in LQ
elevatged nipple
swirled pattern 
fat necrosis
dystrophic ca
suture ca
skin thickening
subareolar fibrotic band
83
Q

H Shaped vertebrae

A

SCD
spherocytosis
Gaucher
Thalassaemia

84
Q

Nail patella Xd
(Fong disease)

4 features

A

fingernail dysplasia, triangular lunula

absent/hypo patella

posterior iliac horns ( 80%)

dysplastic radial head

85
Q

centre edge angle for femoral head coverage

A

vertical line from centre of FH

second line through edge of acetabular roof

angle between them shd be more than 25 degrees. If less then DDH

86
Q

Rf for HCC

A 
cirrhosis
haemachromatosis
aflatoxin
alpha 1
hepatitis
Wilsons
87
Q

patella baja associations

A

polio
ch juvenila idio pathic arthirtis
achondroplasia

88
Q

Bilroth types

2

A

I - gastroduodenal end-end anastamosis

II - gastrojejunal side-side anastamosis. prox duodenal loop closed off

89
Q

CT sign of unequivocal prostate enlargement

A

> 1cm above symphysis pubis

90
Q

Chest uses of Ga 67 scintigraphy

A

Sarcoid disease activity

Lymphoma staging

P carinii pneumonia early detection

91
Q

111 indium oxine WCC scanning

A

detects areas of infection/inflammation

18-24hrs after injection

superior to Ga67 ( excreted by colon) in abdo imaging

highest radiation dose to spleen ( hotter)

donor blood may be used esp in sev neutropenia but usually own cells

92
Q

MIBG

‘hot’ scans

A 
all NET
Phaeochromocytoma
carcinoid
ganglioneuroma
medullary thyroid ca
neuroblastoma

labelled wiht I 123 or 131

image 4-24 hrs (123) or 1-4 days (131)

preferable to octreotide due to renal accumulation of oct

93
Q

Tc pertechnetate or DTPA in testicular torsion

A

reduced activity cf thigh/contralteral

nubbin sing - increased activity in internal pudendal artery with abrupt cutoff at testis

ring/bullseye sign - inc activity in dartos muscle with central photpenia

94
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

Tc nanocolloid

web interspace

dx congenital lymphoedema ( milroys - pooling in foot)

in venous obs - increased drainage

not sensitive for malignant LN but sentinel node is useful

95
Q

nuclear cisternography

A

111 in or Tc DTPA injected into subarachnoid space in LS

imaged sequentially up spine

basal cisterns in 2-4 hrs
vertex - 24-48 hrs

normally no or minimal reflux into lateral ventricles ( transient is ok)

96
Q

scheuermans disease

A 
adolescents
thoracic kyphosis > 40
thoracolumbar kyphosis > 30
> 3 vertebral bodies
disc narrowing ante
disc invagination
scoliosis 25%
>75 deg surgery
97
Q

PHACE syndrome

A 
posterior fossa malformation - dandy walker
H aemangioma
A rterial anomalies
C oarctation
E ye anomalies
S ternal cleft
98
Q

early u fibre involvement

A 
MS
ADEM
Alexandre disease
PML
galactosemia

Late :
Canavan

99
Q

medulloblastoma

assoc Xd

A

Turcot - colon plyps/brain tum
Cowden
Li Fraumeni
Gorlin Goltz

Rad video (10 decks)

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