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Rad video > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Massive enlargement of the main pulmonary artery

2

A

Idiopathic pulm rterial hypertension

Eisenmengers

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2
Q

Coarctation of Aorta
Associated conditions
4

A

Bicuspid AV - 85%
Turners
AR
PDA

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3
Q

Coronary artery aneurysms
Causes 3
Criteria
Anticoagulation

A

Atherosclerosis
Trauma/iatro
Vasculitis ( Kawasaki)

1.5x normal diameter

if >8mm anticoag

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4
Q

Heart disease with
Normal heart size
+ LAA
no signposts

A

MS

Restricted compliance : Restrictive CM, hypertrophic CM, constrictive pericarditis

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5
Q

Normal heart size with aortic enlargement

or no signposts

A

AS

Acute MI
Restrictive CM
Hypertrophic CM
Constrictive pericarditis

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6
Q

d-TGA features

RF
Post surgical

A

LV to PA
RV to Ao

Cardiomegaly
Plethora
Cyanosis
Narrow mediastinum

Arterial switch –> Pulm stenosis
Atrial switch - RV dys, baffle stenosis, clot

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7
Q 
Cyanosis
Cardiomegaly
Pulm plethora
Type 4 lesions
T
A 
narrow superior mediastinum:
TGA
Truncus
TAPVR
(T) ingle ventricle
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8
Q

Vascular rings

Causes 2

A

Right arch with aberrant L SCA

Double aortic arch

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9
Q

Occult cardiac shunts

3

A

Sinus Venosus ASD (SVC or IVC connects to LA)
PAPVC
Supracristal VSD (subpulmonic)

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10
Q

Cardiomegaly with LAE

A

MR

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11
Q

Cardiomegaly with Aortic enlargement or

No signposts

A

AR

Idiopathic DCM
Ischaemic CM
TR
RVF
Pericardial effusion
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12
Q

In intracardiac shunts what is Qp/Qs?

A

Ratio of pulmonary flow to systemic flow

Ratio > 1.5 requires surgical correction or evidence of RV overload

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13
Q

Non cyanotic heart disease with pulmonary plethora :
LAE
no LAE
Group 1

A

LAE:
VSD
PDA

No LAE
ASD
PAPVR

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14
Q

Non cyanotic heart disease with pulmonary plethora :
AoA Enlargement
No AoA E

A

AAE:
PDA

No AAE
VSD

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15
Q

Order of RCA branching
1
2 - %
3

A
  1. Conus branch ( to infundibulum)
  2. SAN artery (60%)
  3. Acute Marginal branches
  4. (PDA)
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16
Q

Morphologically right ventricle

two features

A

Moderator band

Contraction of outflow tract(contains muscle)

17
Q

CT features of high risk coronary plaque

4

A

Calcific densities- punctate
Positive remodelling(expansion of vessel)
Napkin ring sign
Hypodensities within plaque

18
Q

Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
demo
CMR criteria

A

Rare (0.15-3.5%)
Right sinus 72 %
Localised weakness of elastic lamina(cong/acq)
CMR criteria : origin above aortic annulus, saccular shape, normal root/AA dimensions
Inform ASAP

19
Q

Lipomatous hypertrophy of RA
demo
CMR features

A 
rel common 1-8%
pseudomass, age/BMI
most asymptomatic/SVT
CMR: freq septal location with thickening > 2cm, spares fossa ovalis, rarely involved RA free wall
FS TSE diagnostic
20
Q

Anatomic cardiac pseudomasses

3

A

Prominent crista terminalis
Prominent chiari network/ eustacian valve
Moderator band

21
Q

DDx for LV non compaction

A

DCM
ARVC
Athlete- hypertrabeculations

Trabecular mass > 20% or
Non com/compacted ratio > 2.3

22
Q

Myocardial fatty infiltration vs ARVC features

A 
ARVC :
 young-middle aged, male
location : RVOT, RV free wall, RV septum, LV free wall
Subepicardium
Thin myocardium
Enlarged RV
23
Q

Features of true perfusion defect on CMR

4

A

Non Gd enhancing dark zone
Persists through atleast 3 beats
Spreads from subendocardium to subepicardium
More conspicous during stress

24
Q

AMI vs acute myocarditis

A

AMI : subendocardial LGE + oedema

myocarditis : subepicardial

25
Q

LCA origin from Right sinus
possible pathways
4
ARCA>ALCA

A

Interarterial ( malignant)
retroarotic - commenest
Prepulmonic
Septal/subpulmonic

26
Q

Anomalous origin of LCA from PA

ALCAPA

A 
Bland white garland Xd
Obligatory ischaemia
0.25-0.5% of CHD
Infantile - direct reimplan
Adult - ligation/CABG
27
Q

Coronary artery fistula

drainage

A 
usually drains to low pressure chamber
RV 41%
RA 26%
PA 17%
CS 7%
28
Q 
Functionally significant/ potentially malignant coronary artery anomalies
4
Origin
Course
Termination
A

Origin from opposite sinus with interarterial course

ALCAPA

CA fistula

Coronary atresia/hypoplasia

29
Q

Signs of constrictive pericarditis

3

A

calcified, thickened pericardium
mass effect on vessels/chambers
early diastolic flattening of IVS - MRI

30
Q

Congenital absence of pericardium

A

complete/partial
Levorotation of heart
absence of pericardial recess ( PA-AA) - lung dips into it

31
Q

Cardiac myxoma

A 
90% LA
90% solitary
May be ass with Carney complex
attached to fossa ovalis
may contain Ca+
delayed CE
32
Q

Caseous necrosis of mitral annular calcification

A 
not related to TB
? aetiology
mass effect
can rupture
white on NC and CE
exclude circum aneurysm
33
Q

Malignant cardiac tumours

A

Secondary ( local: lung, breast and mets ) x 20 more common

Primary
Sarcomas ( 95%): angiosarcoma adults, rhabdomyosarcoma paeds, fibrosarcoma
Lymphoma 5%

Rad video (10 decks)

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