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UWorld Review Incorrects > Rapid Review Key Associations > Flashcards

Rapid Review Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

mito inheritance

A

disease occurs in both F/M, inherited thru females

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2
Q

intellutcal disabiliit

A

Downs, Fragile X

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3
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

gaucher disease

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4
Q

bacterial meningitis (> 6 months)

A

S pneumo

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5
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborns, kid)

A

group B strept/listeria

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6
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM1, SLE, Graves, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease

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7
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM1, RA, Addison disease

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8
Q

bacteria associated w/ gastritis, PUD, gastric maligancies

A

H pylori

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9
Q

opportunisitic infection in AIDS

A

pneumo jirovecii pneumo

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10
Q

helminth infection

A

enterobius vermicularis

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11
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

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12
Q

infection 2/2 blood transfusion

A

Hep C

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13
Q

food posisoning, exotoxin mediated

A

S aureus, B cereus

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14
Q

osteomyelitis

A

S auerus (most common overall)

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15
Q

osteomyelitis w/ sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

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16
Q

osteomyelitis w/ IV drugs

A

S auerus, Pseudomonas, Candida

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17
Q

UTI

A

EColi, Staph saprophyticus

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18
Q

STD

A

C trachomatis (coinfected w/ N gonorrhae)

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19
Q

nosocominal pneumo

A

S auerus, pseudomonas, klebsiella, acinectobacter

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20
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

C trachomatis, N gonor

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21
Q

mets to bone

A

prostate, breast > kidney, thyroid, lung

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22
Q

mets to brain

A

lung>breast> melanoma, colon, kidney

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23
Q

mets to liver

A

colon» stomach> pancreas

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24
Q

S3 heart sounds

A

inc ventricular filling (mitral regurg, HF)
common in dilated ventricules

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25
Q

S4 heart sounds

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

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26
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

developing world: TB
developed world: viral illness, idiopathic

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27
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tri/mi regurg

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28
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

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29
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

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30
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

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31
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

MVP

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32
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

AFib (assoicated high risk emboli)

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33
Q

cyanosis (early; less common)

A

ToF, transposition of great vessels, truncus arterious, total anomalous pulmonary VR, tricuspid atresia

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34
Q

late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L>R becomes R>L)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA» pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)

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35
Q

congenital cardiac anamoly

A

VSD

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36
Q

HTN 2/2

A

renal artery stenosis
CKD (PKD, diabetic nephropathy)
hyperaldosteronism

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37
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan syndrome (idopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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38
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

atherosclerosis, smoking is # risk factor

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39
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending/arch

A

3 sphyllis, vasa vasorum destruction

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40
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abd aorta>coronary artery>poplietal artery>carotid artery

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41
Q

aortic dissection

42
Q

R heart failure w/ pulm cause

A

cor pulmonale

43
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral&raquo_space; aortic (rheumatic fever)
tricuspid (IV drug use)

44
Q

endocarditis bacterium presentation

A

S auerus (acute, IVDA, tricuspid)
viridans (subacute, dental procedure)
s bovis (colon cancer)
neg culture= Coxiella, Bartonella, HACEK

45
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of i/l blindness due to occlusion of opthalmic artery
polymyalgia rheumatica

46
Q

recurrent inflame/thrombosis of small-medium vessels in extremeitis

A

buerger disease, STRONGLY assoicated w/ tobaccos

47
Q

primary cardiac tumor in kid

A

rhabdomyoma, often in tuberous sclerosis

48
Q

cardiac tumor in adult

A

mets, myxoma (90% LA “ball” tumor)

49
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase def

50
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pit adenoma (usually beging)

51
Q

congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism(

A

thyroid dysgenesis/dyshormonogenesis, iodine deficiency

52
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma (childhood raditation)

53
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental incision during thyroidectomy

54
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

55
Q

2 hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of CKD

56
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

iatrogenic (corticosteroid tx)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pit adenoma (Cushing disease)
paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

57
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma

58
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla in kid

A

neuroblastoma (malig)

59
Q

tumor of adrenal medulla in adult

A

pheochromocytoma (generally begn)

60
Q

refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, assoc MEN1

61
Q

esophageal cancer

A

worldwide: squamous cell carcinoma
US: adenocarcinoma

62
Q

acute gastic ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (inc ICP stimulates vagal gastric H secretion)

63
Q

acute gastic ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (dec plasma volume results in sloughing gastric mucosa)

64
Q

b/l ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenburg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

65
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

66
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflame + normal colon

A

skip lesions of Chrons

67
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

68
Q

diverticulum of pharynx

A

zenker diverticulum (false)> dx w/ barium swallo

69
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

HBV, other causes of cirrhosis (alcoholic liver disease, hemochromatosis), aflatoxins

70
Q

congential conjugated hyperbiliribinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin to bile)

71
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirbinemia)

72
Q

Wilson disease

A

hereditary ATP7B mutation

73
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation» bronze diabetes, inc risk hepatocellular carcinoma

74
Q

pancreaitits (acute)

A

gallstones, alcohol

75
Q

pancreaitis (chronic)

A

alcohol (adults), CF (kids)

76
Q

auto splenectomy (fibrosis & shrinkage)

A

sickle cell disease (Hb S)

77
Q

bleeding disorder w/ Gp1b def

A

Bernard-Souiler syndrome (defect to adhesion to vWF)

78
Q

bleeding disorder w/ Gp2b/3a

A

Glanzmann thrombasthemai (defect in platelet:platelet adhesion)

79
Q

DIC causes

A

severe sepsis
obstretric complications
cancer
burns
trauma
mjr surgery
acute pancreatitis
APL

80
Q

malignancy associated w/ non-infectious fever

A

hodgkin lymphoma

81
Q

most common type of hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosis

82
Q

t(14, 18)

A

Follicular Lymphoma (BCL2 activation, anti-apoptic oncogene)

83
Q

t(8, 14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion)

84
Q

most common type of non-hogkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

85
Q

most common primary bone tumor in adults

86
Q

Ages for ALL, CLL, AML, CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 45-65

87
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

88
Q

t(9:22)

A

CML, philly choromsome (BRC-ABL oncogene, tyrosine kinase activation); more rarely assoicated w/ ALL

89
Q

most tumor of infancy

A

strawberry hemiangioma (grows rapidly, spontaneously regresses)

90
Q

herald patch

A

pityriasis rosea

91
Q

most common pit tumor

A

prolactinoma, somatotrophic adeoma

92
Q

most common glomerulonephritis in adult

A

berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

93
Q

most common nephrotic in adult

A

membraneous nephropathy

94
Q

most common nephrotic in kid

A

minimal change disease

95
Q

MCC clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

96
Q

most common ovarian tumor, benign b/l

A

serous cystadenoma

97
Q

most common ovarian tumor, malig

A

serious carcinoma

98
Q

gyneocological malig

A

endometrial carcinoma (US)
cervical carcinoma (worldwide)

99
Q

breast tumor in young F

A

fibroademona

100
Q

most common testicular cancer

A

seminoma (malig, radiosensitive), inc placental ALP

UWorld Review Incorrects (12 decks)

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