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UWorld Review Incorrects > Rapid Review Common Lab Findings > Flashcards

Rapid Review Common Lab Findings Flashcards

1
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AR mutation in CFTR gene> fat soluble vit def and mucous plugs in lungs)

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2
Q

dec AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Downs, Edwards syndrome

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3
Q

inc B-hcG, dec PAPP-A on 1st tri screening

A

Downs syndrome

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4
Q

inc serum homocysteine, inc methylmalonic acid, dec folate

A

Vit B12 defec

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5
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenitfal failure of phagolysosomae fusion)

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6
Q

anti-histone antibodies

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytonin, TNFa inhibitors)

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7
Q

dec T cells, dec PTH, dec Ca, absent thymic shadow

A

thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome)

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8
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thromobocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

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9
Q

optochin sensitivity

A

sensitive: S pneumo
resistant: S viridans (S mutans, S sanguis)

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10
Q

novobocin response

A

sensitive: S epidermis
resistant: S saprophyticus

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11
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: S pyogenes (group A)
resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

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12
Q

branching gram+ rods w/ sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelli

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13
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle/lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1 TB: Mycobacterium bacili)

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14
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck xray

A

epiglottitis (Hae influ)

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15
Q

bacteria covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

“clue cells” Gardnerella vaginalis

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16
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy w/ apical atrophy

A

Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzii)

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17
Q

atypical lymphocytes, heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV infection)

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18
Q

eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions w/ perinuclear halo

A

cells infected w/ Herpeseviruses (HSV, VZV, CMV)

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19
Q

steeple sign on front CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza virus)

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20
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

negri bodies of rabies (ssRNA, enveloped)
rabies> purkinjie cells of cerebellum & hippocampal neurons
RETROGRADE via dynein motors up nerve after binding nAchR» month incubation period

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21
Q

psommas bodies

A

papillary carcinoma thyroid
meningioma
mesothelioma
papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium/ovary

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22
Q

delta wave on ECG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

WPW syndrome (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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23
Q

boot shaped heart on Xray

A

ToF
1. overriding aorta
2. VSD
3. RV hypertrophy
4. pulmonary stenosis

**tet spells will exacerbate RV> episodic cyanosis
squatting: inc SVR, dec R>L shunt, improves cyanosis

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24
Q

rib notching (esp inf surface on xr

A

coarctation of aorta

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25
Q

granuloma w/ giant cells after pharyngral infection

A

aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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26
Q

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on ECG)

A

cardiac tamponade

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27
Q

enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei w/ central clearing

A

“orphan annie” eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of thyroid)

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28
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (depositied hemosiderin from hemmhorage)

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29
Q

HTN, dec K, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn Syndrome (1 hyperaldosteronism)

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30
Q

mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

A

“signet ring” gastric carcinoma

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31
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-GLADIN/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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32
Q

narrowing bowel lumen on barium xray

A

string sign (Chron’s disease)

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33
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on abd image

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

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34
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

FAP (AD, mutation of APC gene)

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35
Q

apple core lesion on barium enema

A

colorectal cancer (gen L sided)

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36
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs), anti-liver/kidney microsomal-1 (anti-LKM1) antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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38
Q

nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver w/ R heart failure
Budd Chiari syndrome

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39
Q

anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

primary biliary cholangitis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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40
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration; K-F rings w/ copper accumulation)

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41
Q

migratory thrombophlebitis (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas&raquo_space; lung)

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42
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia
(B12: neurological symptoms)
(B9: no neuro symptoms)

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43
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead posioning or sideroblastic anemia

44
Q

hair on end “crew cut” appearance

A

B-thalaessemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

45
Q

anti-Gp2b/3a antibodies

A

immune thrombocytopenia

46
Q

high level D-dimers

47
Q

giant B cells w/ bilobed nuceli w/ prominent inclusions

A

“owl’s eye” Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodkin Lymphoma)

48
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages

A

“starry sky” appearance Burkitt Lymphoma
t(8, 14), c-myc activation associated with EBV
they stars are the malignant cells

49
Q

lytic “punched out” bone lesions on xray

50
Q

monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis

A

MM (IgG or IgA)
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (IgM)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signficiance

51
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation (high ESR, MM)

52
Q

azurophilic peroxidase+ granular inclusions in granuloctyes & myeloblasts

A

auer rods (APL)

53
Q

WBCs that smudge

54
Q

“tennis racket” cytoplasmic organelles on EM

A

birbeck granules (langerhans cell hisiocytoes)

55
Q

soap bubble in femur/tibia

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally bengign)

56
Q

raised periosteum “codman triangle”

A

agressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma)

57
Q

onion skin periosteal rxn

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

58
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

RA (systemic inflame, joint pannus, boutonniere and swan neck deformities)

59
Q

rhomboid crystals birefringent +

A

psuedogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

60
Q

needle shapped birefringent -

A

gout (monosodium urate)

61
Q

inc uric acid levels

A

gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
tumor lysis syndrome
loop/thiazide diuretics

62
Q

bamboo spine

A

HLA B27, ankylosising spondylitis (chronic inflamed arthritis)

63
Q

anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (HSR 3)

64
Q

perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANACs)

A

MPO-ANCA
microscopic polyangitis
eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangitis
primary sclerosisng cholangitis

65
Q

cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANACs)

A

granulomatosis w/ polyangitis

66
Q

anti-centromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

67
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse scleroderma (more kidney/lung involvemetn)

68
Q

anti-desmoglein antibodies

A

anti-desmosome antibodies
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

69
Q

keratin pearls

A

squamous cell carcinoma

70
Q

inc AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error (most common)
open neural tube defects: anencephaly, spina bifida

71
Q

bloody/yellow tap lumbar puncture

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

72
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

lewy body (parkinson disease + lewy body dementia)

73
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

74
Q

depigmentation of neurons in SN

A

parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidty, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

75
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurfibrillary tangles of Alz Disease or Pick bodies (Pick Disease)

76
Q

pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

77
Q

silver-staining spherical aggreation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (FTD: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

78
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surround pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

79
Q

waxy casts w/ low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

80
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis
transplant rejection
tubulointerstital inflammation

81
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

82
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

83
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis + hempotysis)

84
Q

ceullar crescents in bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

85
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on ight micro

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually w/ lupus)

86
Q

linear IgG appearance on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

87
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IM

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (IgG, IgM, C3 deposition)

88
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) + necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (c-ANCA)
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-BM antibodies)

89
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

90
Q

podycyte fusion/effacement on EM

A

minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic syndrome)

91
Q

spikes on BM, domes on subepithelial deposits

A

membraneous nephropathy (nephrotic)

92
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis (usually recurrent infection)

93
Q

granular casts in urine

A

acute tubular necrosis (ischemia/toxic injury)

94
Q

hCG elevated

A

multiple gestations
hydatidiform moles
choricocarcinomas
Down syndrome

95
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ “rasinoid” nuclei & hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

96
Q

sheets of uniform “fried egg” cells, inc hCG, inc LDH

A

dysgerminoma

97
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

98
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)

99
Q

mammary gland “blue domed” cysts

A

fibrocystic change of breast

100
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

101
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke cells (Leydig cell tumors)

102
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

103
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-layden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

104
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

105
Q

“honeycumb” lung on CT/Xray

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

106
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc lung cancer risk)

107
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress cervical symp chain ganglia> Horner syndrome)

UWorld Review Incorrects (12 decks)

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