RANDOM SHIT Flashcards
what is ASD?
Autistic spectrum disorders affect the way a person communicates with, and relates to, other people. Many (but not all) people with an autistic spectrum disorder also have a learning disability. People with autistic spectrum disorders usually need specialist care and education.
what are the symptoms of ASD?
symptoms usually become present in the first 3 years of life.
symptoms vary between people, varying levels of intelligence, high IQ to low IQ
SOCIAL SYMPTOMS - seem to be aloof, have little or no interest in other which can result in no friends, don’t understand people emotions, prefer being alone.
PROBLEMS WITH LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION - speech usually develops later than usual, language may not develop well. They may not be able to express themeselves well, may not be able to understand gestures, facial expression or tone of voice, they may say odd things, use odd phrases and odd choice of words, often use many words when one would do, make up own words,
LIMITED IMAGINATION - pretend play is usually limited in children with ASD. may find it difficult to ‘walk in another mans shoes’
UNUSUAL BEHAVIOURS - odd mannerisms such as hand flapping or other unusual movements, anger or aggression if routines are changed, may head bang or hit face when angry, sometimes this is a way of communicating, actions may be repeated over and over, obsession may develop in older children and adolescents and may have interests in unusual things like train timetables and lists
how is ASD managed?
speech and language therapists, occupational therapists and educational psychologists. The types of treatments that may be provided include the following:
- The mainstay of treatment is special education support. This is to help with language, social skills and communication skills. There are three or four main types. The people who have assessed your child will decide what is best to support them.
- Behavioural therapy which aims to reduce ‘bad’ behaviours and promote ‘good’ behaviours.
- Medication may be considered to help with specific ASD-related symptoms. It is usually only considered if other ways of coping aren’t working. These symptoms may be anxiety, depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is also medication that may help to control outbursts of excitement or aggression. Medication can also be used to help with sleep and also with any repetitive behaviours.
what is fetal alcohol syndrome?
small underweight babies, slack muscle tone
mental retardation, behaviour and speech problems. Characteristic facial appearance
cardiac renal and ocular abnormalities
epicanthic folds thin upper lip short palpebral fissure microcephaly upturned nose hypoplastic jaw
what are the physical consequences of loneliness?
Earlier death Take more risks Harder to self regulate Physical changes which can bring on poor health Health risk = 15 cigarettes a day Bigger problem than obesity
what is social exclusion and what are the 5 domains?
“… the dynamic process of being shut out, fully or partially, from any of the social, economic, political or cultural systems which determine the social integration of a person in society.” 5 Domains: Material Resources, Civic Activities, Basic Services Neighbourhood, Social Relationships
what are some causes of social exclusion?
Poor Health, Sensory Impairment,
Poverty, housing issues, fear of crime
Transport, problems on the roads,
Discrimination (Internalised), sexuality, gender, ethnicity, belief.
Poor Health, Sensory Impairment,
Poverty, housing issues, fear of crime
Transport, problems on the roads,
Discrimination (Internalised), sexuality, gender, ethnicity, belief.
initiatives for loneliness and social exclusion
National Age UK Silverline Dementia Friends Men in Sheds U3A
Housing Intergenerational: Housing/Activities Co-Housing Flexible Care Planning for Older People
Self Help A Compass for Old Age Mindful Ageing ‘Sod 70’ ‘Retirement with Attitude’
what is maslow’s hierarchy of needs ?
physiological then safety then love and belonging then esteem and then self-actuliaztion
causes of homelessness?
The main stated cause of homelessness is
RELATIONSHIP BREAKDOWN
Caused by
Mental illness/breakdown,
Domestic abuse
Disputes with parents
Bereavement- more than half say they have ‘no family ties’
what is HASS?
Homeless Assessment & Support Service (HASS)
3 core teams based at Hanover Medical Centre.
A statutory and voluntary sector partnership between Sheffield Care Trust, SEPCT, St. Anne’s, Turning Point and Phoenix House.
2 mental health SWs, a CPN, specialist HV, specialist school nurse, an outreach family resource worker.
Share a specialist midwife and employ 2 p/t specialist community outreach nurses.
what are the definitions of asylum seeker, refugee and humanitarian protection?
Asylum Seeker: A person who has made an application for refugee status.
Refugee: A person granted asylum and refugee status. Usually means leave to remain for 5 years then reapply.
Humanitarian Protection: Failed to demonstrate claim for asylum but face serious threat to life if returned. Usually 3years then reapply
what is a disability?
A disability is related to anyone who has a physical, sensory or mental impairment which seriously affects their daily activities.
what are some different eye conditions?
Age Related Macular Degeneration
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Glaucoma (affects optic nerve)
Diabetic Retinopathy
how would you recognise a bind person?
White walking stick White Symbol cane Guiding cane Reading Braille Peering closely at something Dark glasses Being guided Feeling their way Guide dog
what is Charles bonnet syndrome?
When people lose their sight, their brains are not receiving as many pictures as they used to sometimes, new fantasy pictures or old pictures stored in our brains are released and experienced as though they were seen.
This condition can affect people with serious sight loss. Generally these are people who have lost their sight later in life but may affect people of any age.
This condition affects a variety of people including people who suffer from:
Age related macular degeneration
Retinal disorders with loss of vision
what is malnutrition?
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. The term malnutrition covers 2 broad groups of conditions. One is ‘undernutrition’—which includes stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age) and micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals). The other is overweight, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer).” WHO
what are some early influences on feeding behaviour?
- maternal diet and taste preference development
- role of breast feeding for taste preference and bodyweight regulation
parenting practices
what are different eating disorders?
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder
what are eating disorders versus disordered eating?
Eating disorders: “clinically meaningful behavioural or psychological pattern having to do with eating or weight that is associated with distress, disability, or with substantially increased risk of morbidity or mortality” (Grillo, 2006, Eating and weight disorders. New York: Psychology Press)
Disordered eating: restraint; strict dieting; disinhibition; emotional eating; binge-eating; night eating; weight & shape concerns; inappropriate compensatory behaviours that do not warrant a clinical diagnosis
what are the problems with dieting?
i. Risk factor for the development of eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia) [Manwaring et al. 2006] ii. Dieting results in a loss of lean body mass, not just fat mass iii. Dieting slows metabolic rate and energy expenditure iv. Chronic dieting may disrupt ‘normal’ appetite responses and increase subjective sensations of hunge
what is the health beliefe model?
Individuals will change if they: • Believe they are susceptible to the condition in question (e.g. heart disease) • Believe that it has serious consequences • Believe that taking action reduces susceptibility • Believe that the benefits of taking action outweigh the costs
what are the problems with the health belief model?
- Alternative factors may predict health behaviour, such as outcome expectancy (whether the person feels they will be healthier as a result of their behaviour) and self-efficacy (the person’s belief in their ability to carry out preventative behaviour)
- As a cognitively based model, HBM does not consider the influence of emotions on behaviour
- HBM does not differentiate between first time and repeat behaviour
- Cues to action are often missing in HBM research
what is the theory of planned behaviour?
Attitude – I do not think smoking is a good thing • Subjective Norm – most people who are important to me want me to give up smoking
Perceived Behavioural Control – I believe I have the ability to give up smoking
Behavioural Intention – I intend to give up smoking
how can you help people act on their intentions?
Perceived control – Fisher & Johnson (1996), Patients with chronic back pain took part in a lifting task. Recalled success predicted success in the task
Anticipated regret – Abraham &Sheeran (2003), increased anticipated regret was related to sustained intentions
Preparatory actions – Stock & Cervone (1990),dividing a task in to sub-goals increases self-efficacy and satisfaction at the point of completion
Implementation intentions – Gollwitzer (1999) “if-then” plans facilitates the translation of intention in to action (specify a time and a context)
Relevance to self
what is the stage model of behavioural health (transtheoretical model) ?
• Precontemplation – no intention of giving up smoking • Contemplation – beginning to consider giving up, probably at some ill-defined time in the future • Preparation – getting ready to quit in the near future • Action – engaged in giving up smoking now • Maintenance – steady non-smoker,
what are the advantages and disadvantes of the transtheoretical model?
advantages - • Acknowledges individual stages of readiness (tailored interventions) • Accounts for relapse • Temporal element (although arbitrary
disadvantages - • Not all people move thorough every stage, some people move backwards and forwards or miss some stages out completely • Change might operate on a continuum rather than in discrete stages • Doesn’t take in to account values, habits, culture, social and economic factor
