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Random Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral perfusion is primarily driven by

A

PCO2

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2
Q

Use of therapeutic hyperventilation (decreased PCO2)

A

Helps decrease ICP in cases of acute cerebral edema (stroke, trauma) via decreasing cerebral perfusion

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3
Q

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary artery)

A

Epidural hematoma

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4
Q

Rupture of bridging veins

A

Subdural hematoma

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5
Q

Rupture of aneurysm (such as berry)

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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6
Q

Caused by systemic hypertension

A

Intraparenchymal (hypertensive) hemorrhage w/in brain parenchyma

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7
Q

Often due to fracture of TEMPORAL bone

A

Epidural hematoma

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8
Q

Often seen in elderly, alcoholics, blunt trauma, shaken baby syndrome

A

Subdural hematoma

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9
Q

WHOML

A

SAH

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10
Q

Has a lucid interval “talk and die”

A

Epidural hematoma

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11
Q

Slow venous bleed = less pressure = hematoma develops over time

A

Subdural hematoma

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12
Q

Rapid time course

A

SAH

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13
Q

Rapid expansion under systemic arterial pressure –> Compression of brain –> transtentorial herniation –> CN III palsy (down and out, fixed and dilated pupil); HA, vomiting, seizures

A

Epidural hematoma

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14
Q

Blood between dura and skull

A

Epidural hematoma

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15
Q

Blood between dura and arachnoid

A

Subdural hematoma

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16
Q

Blood in subarachnoid space

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

17
Q

Typically occurs in basal ganglia and internal capsule

A

Intraparenchymal (hypertensive) hemorrhage

18
Q

MCC of SAH

A

trauma, ruptured aneurysm, ruptured AV malformation

19
Q

CT - biconves (lentiform) lens shaped that does not cross suture lines

A

Epidural hematoma

20
Q

CT - Crescent-shaped that crosses suture lines

A

Subdural hematoma

21
Q

Bloody or yello (xanthochromic - bilirubin) spinal tap

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

22
Q

Irreversible brain damage begins after how many minutes of hypoxia

A

5 minutes

23
Q

Areas most susceptible to ischemic damage

A

hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, watershed areas

24
Q

Bright stroke on MRI

A

for 10 days

25
Q

Dark stroke on noncontrast CT in

A

~24 hours

26
Q

Bright areas on noncontrast CT indicate

A

HEMORRHAGE (tPA contraindicated)

27
Q

Causes of thrombotic/ischemia stronke

A

a. fib, carotid dissection. patent foramen ovale, endocarditis

28
Q

When can you give tPA

A

Only if pt. presents w/in 3 hours of onset, no major risk of hemorrhage: active bleeding, hx intracranial bleeding, recent surgery, severe HTN

29
Q

Layers going through for LP @ L4/5

A
  1. Skin 2. Superficial space 3. Ligamnets (supraspinous, linterspinous, ligamentum flavum) 4. Epidural space 5. Dural mater 6. Subdral space 7. Arachnoid membrane *8. Subarachnoid space - GET CSF HERE
30
Q

Flow of CSF

A

lateral ventricle –> R/L intraventricular foramina of Monro –> 3rd ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius –> 4th ventricle –> Foramina of Luschka and Foramne of Magendie –> Subarachnoid space

31
Q

Decreased CSF absoprtion by arachnoid granulations –> increased ICP, papilledema, herniattion

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

32
Q

Increased subarachnoid space volume, no increase in CSF, expantion of ventricles distorts fibers of corona radiatia –> urinary incontinence, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction (sometimes reversible)

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

33
Q

Appearance of increased CSF in atrophy (Alzheimer’s, advanced HIV, Pick’s disease) ICP normal - looks like ventricles are enlarged

A

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

34
Q

Caused by a structural blockage of CSF circulation within the ventricular system (e.g. stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius) –> HA, papilladema, uncal herniation –> CN III palsy, increased ICP, death

A

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

Neuro (8 decks)

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