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Neuro!!!! - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of CNS neurons

A

Neuroectoderm

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2
Q

Origin of ependymal cells

A

Neuroectoderm

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3
Q

Origin of oligodendroglia

A

Neuroectoderm

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4
Q

Origin of astrocytes

A

Neuroectoderm

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5
Q

Origin of PNS neurons

A

NCC

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6
Q

Origin of Schwann cells

A

NCC

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7
Q

Origin of Microglia

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

Cell bodies and dendrites can be stained via what to stain the RER

A

Nissl substance

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9
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

When an axon is injured and it degenerates distal to the injury and axonal retraction proximally, allowing for potential regeneration of axon if in PNS

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10
Q

Cell for physcial support, repair, K+ metabolism, removal of excess NT, maintenance of BBB.

A

Astrocytes

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11
Q

Undergoes reactive gliosis (scar tissue in CNS) in response to injury

A

Astrocytes

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12
Q

Marker is GFAP (seen in glioblastoma multiforme)

A

Astrocytes

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13
Q

CNS pahgocytes of mesodermal origin that are not readily discernible in Nissl stains.

A

Microglia

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14
Q

When infected with HIV they fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in CNS

A

Microglia

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15
Q

Make the myelin in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

Make the myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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17
Q

Myelinate many axons at one time

A

Oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

Damaged in MS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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19
Q

Myelinates one axon at a time

A

Schwann cells

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20
Q

Damaged in Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

Schwann cells

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21
Q

Associated with acousitc neuroma, and NF-2

A

Schwann cells

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22
Q

Looks like fried eggs on H&E staining

A

Oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

Slow, unmyelinated fibers in skin, epidermis, and some viscera that sense pain and temp

A

C - fibers - free nerve endings

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24
Q

Fast, myelinated fibers in skin, epidermis, and some viscera that sense pain and temp

A

Adelta - fibers - free nerve endings

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25
Q

Large myelinated fibers taht adapt quickly, found in glabrous hairless skin and sense dynamic, fine/light touch; position sense

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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26
Q

Large, myelinated fibers in deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints that sense vibration and position

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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27
Q

Large, myelinated fibers; adapt slowly in hair follicles, sense pressure, deep static touch (shapes, edges), and position sense

A

Merkel’s discs

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28
Q

3 layers of a peripheral nerve

A

endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

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29
Q

The layer of the peripheral nerve with inflammatory infiltrate in Guillain Barre

A

Endoneurium

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30
Q

The permeability barrier that surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers

A

Perineurium

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31
Q

The dense CT that surrounds the fasciles and blood vessles, keeping the nerve together

A

Epineurium

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32
Q

Level of NE in anxiety

A

INCREASED

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33
Q

Level of NE in depression

A

DECREASED

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34
Q

LEvel of NE in mania

A

INCREASED

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35
Q

Level of DA in schizophrenia

A

INCREASED

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36
Q

Level of DA in Parkinson’s

37
Q

Level of DA in depression

38
Q

Level of 5-HT in anxiety

39
Q

Level of 5-HT in depression

40
Q

LEvel of ACh in Alzheimer’s

41
Q

Level of ACh in Huntington’s

42
Q

Level of ACh in REM sleep

43
Q

Level of ACh in Parkinsons

44
Q

Level of GABA in anxiety

45
Q

Level of GABA in Huntington’s

46
Q

NT levels in anxiety

A

Increased NE, Decreased 5-HT, Decreased GABA

47
Q

NT levels in depression

A

Decreased NE, DA, and 5-HT

48
Q

NT levels in mania

A

Increased NE

49
Q

NT levels in schizophrenia

A

Increased DA

50
Q

NT levels in Parkinsons

A

Decreased DA, Increased ACh

51
Q

NT levels in Alzheimer’s

A

Decreased ACh

52
Q

NT levels in Huntinton’s

A

Decreased ACh and GABA

53
Q

Location of synthesis of NE

A

Locus ceruleus (pons), Reticular formation, Solitary tract

54
Q

Location of synthesis of DA

A

Ventral tegmentum and Substantia Nigra (midbrain)

55
Q

Location of synthesis of 5-HT

A

Raphe nucleus (pons)

56
Q

Location of synthesis of ACh

A

Basal nucleus of Meynert

57
Q

Location of synthesis of GABA

A

Nucleus accumbens

58
Q

The location associated with stress and panic

A

Locus ceruleus (pons) –> release of NE

59
Q

The location associated with reward center, pleasure, addiction, fear

A

Nucleus accumbens –> GABA and Septal nucelus

60
Q

3 structures that form the BBB

A

Tight junctions between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells, BM of capillary, Astrocyte foot processes

61
Q

Infarction and/or neoplsam that destroys endothelial cell tight junctions –>

A

vasogenic edema

62
Q

Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus makes

63
Q

Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus makes

64
Q

Area postrema in hypothalamus

A

responds to emetics; vomiting after chemo because not protected by BBB

65
Q

OLVT in hypothalamus

A

osmotic sensing area

66
Q

Lateral area of hypothalamus associated with

67
Q

Ventromedial area of hypothalamus associated with

68
Q

Areas of hypothalamus that regulate appetite

A

Lateral and Ventromedial area

69
Q

Area inhibitied by Leptin to tell you to stop eating

A

Lateral area of hypothalamus

70
Q

Area stimulated by Leptin to tell you to stop eating

A

Ventromedial area

71
Q

Part of hypothalamus associated with cooling and paracympathetics

A

Anterior nucleus

72
Q

Part of hypothalamus associated with heating and sympathetics

A

Posterior nucleus

73
Q

Portion of hypothalamus that deals with circadian rhythm

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

74
Q

Portion of hypothalamus that secretes GnRH

A

Preoptic area

75
Q

5 F’s of Limbic system

A

feeding, fleeing, fighting, feeling, and fornicating

76
Q

Structures of limbic system

A

hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, mamillary bodies, and cigulate gyrus

77
Q

Collection of neural structures involved in emotion, long-term memory, olfaction, behavior modulation, and ANS function

A

Limbic system

78
Q

Major relay for all ascending sensory information except olfaction

79
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that recieves input from apinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

80
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that recieves input form tigeminal an dgustatory pathway

81
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that recieves input from CN II

82
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that receives input from superior olive an dinerior colliculus of tectum

83
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that receives input from basal ganglia

84
Q

Nucleus of thalamust that carries pain, temp, prpessure, touch, vibration, and proprioception to primary somatosensory cortex

A

VPL (very painful legs)

85
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that carries face sensation and taste to primary somatosensory cortex

A

VPM (very painful mouth)

86
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that carries vision to calcarine sulcus

A

LGN (l = light)

87
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that carries hearing to auditory cortex of temporal lobe

A

MGN (m= music)

88
Q

Nucleus of thalamus that carries motor to motor cortex

89
Q

Modulates movement; aids in coordination and balance

A

cerebellum

Neuro (8 decks)

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