Common Brain Lesions Flashcards
Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior
B/L amygdala lesions (Kluver-Bucy Syndrome)
Associted with HSV-1
B/L amygdala lesions (Kluver-Bucy Syndrome) - hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior
Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement; May have reemergence of primitive reflexes
Frontal lobe lesion
Spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the C/L side of the world - hemispatial neglect)
Non-dominant (typically RIGHT) parietal lobe lesion
Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (e.g. coma)
Lesion of reticular activating system (midbrain)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Lesion of mammillary bodies (B/L)
Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxis, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes
B/L lesion of mammillary bodies
Associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency and excessive EtOH use; can be precipitated by giving glucose w/o B1 to a B1 deficient patient
B/L lesion of mammillary bodies - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Tremor at rest or Chorea or Athetosis
Lesion of basal ganglia - Parkinson’s, Huntington
Intention tremor, limb ataxia, and loss of balance
Cerebellar hemisphere lesion
Ipsilateral deficits - falling toward the side of the lesion
Cerebellar hemisphere lesion - hemispheres are laterally located - affect lateral limbs
Truncal ataxia, dysarthria
Cerebellar vermis lesion - centrally located = affects central body
C/L hemiballismus
Subthalamic nucleus lesion
Anterograde amnesia–inability to make new memories
Hippocampus lesion
Eyes look away from side of lesion
Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) lesion
Eyes look toward lesion
Frontal eye fields lesion
Paralysis of upward gaze -
Parinaud’s syndrome - Superior colliculi lesion
Acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, and loss of consciousness, locked-in syndrome, due to overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinolysis
Axial T2-weighted MRI with FLAIR showing abnormal increased signal lin central pons
Overly rapid correction of hyponatremia –> central pontine myelinolysis
