Common Brain Lesions

Question 1

Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior

Answer 1

B/L amygdala lesions (Kluver-Bucy Syndrome)

Question 2

Associted with HSV-1

Answer 2

B/L amygdala lesions (Kluver-Bucy Syndrome) - hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior

Question 3

Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement; May have reemergence of primitive reflexes

Answer 3

Frontal lobe lesion

Question 4

Spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the C/L side of the world - hemispatial neglect)

Answer 4

Non-dominant (typically RIGHT) parietal lobe lesion

Question 5

Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (e.g. coma)

Answer 5

Lesion of reticular activating system (midbrain)

Question 6

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 6

Lesion of mammillary bodies (B/L)

Question 7

Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxis, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes

Answer 7

B/L lesion of mammillary bodies

Question 8

Associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency and excessive EtOH use; can be precipitated by giving glucose w/o B1 to a B1 deficient patient

Answer 8

B/L lesion of mammillary bodies - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 9

Tremor at rest or Chorea or Athetosis

Answer 9

Lesion of basal ganglia - Parkinson’s, Huntington

Question 10

Intention tremor, limb ataxia, and loss of balance

Answer 10

Cerebellar hemisphere lesion

Question 11

Ipsilateral deficits - falling toward the side of the lesion

Answer 11

Cerebellar hemisphere lesion - hemispheres are laterally located - affect lateral limbs

Question 12

Truncal ataxia, dysarthria

Answer 12

Cerebellar vermis lesion - centrally located = affects central body

Question 13

C/L hemiballismus

Answer 13

Subthalamic nucleus lesion

Question 14

Anterograde amnesia–inability to make new memories

Answer 14

Hippocampus lesion

Question 15

Eyes look away from side of lesion

Answer 15

Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) lesion

Question 16

Eyes look toward lesion

Answer 16

Frontal eye fields lesion

Question 17

Paralysis of upward gaze -

Answer 17

Parinaud’s syndrome - Superior colliculi lesion

Question 18

Acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, and loss of consciousness, locked-in syndrome, due to overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

Answer 18

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 19

Axial T2-weighted MRI with FLAIR showing abnormal increased signal lin central pons

Answer 19

Overly rapid correction of hyponatremia –> central pontine myelinolysis