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Anatomy, Lower Limb > Random information > Flashcards

Random information Flashcards

1
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

extends from ischial tuberosity to lower sacrum and coccyx

closes off lesser sciatic foramen

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2
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

extends from ischial spine to lower sacrum and coccyx

converts greater sciatic notch into greater sciatic foramen

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3
Q

greater sciatic foramen transmits-

A

piriformis muscle
superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
internal pudental vessels and nerves
sciatic nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
nerve to obturator internus and quadrates femoris

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4
Q

lesser sciatic foramen

A

tendon of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
internal pudental vessels
Pudendal nerve

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5
Q

angle of inclination of femur in
adult
child

A

child -135

adult- 120

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6
Q

torsion angle of the femur

A

formed by transverse axis of femoral condyles and long axis of head and neck ( It is NOT parallel to condyle)

12* of ANTEVERSION

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7
Q

coxa valga

A

> 135 * femoral shaft angle- “straighter”

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8
Q

coxa vara

A

<135* femoral shaft angle- “more horizontal”

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9
Q

where does the axial skeleton met appendicular skeleton at lower body

A

sacroiliac joint

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10
Q

male v female pelvis

A

females have rounder and wider pelvic rim

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11
Q

what passes through both foramen

A

pudental nerve, internal pudental vessels and nerve to obturator internus

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12
Q

the patella is found within where?

A

within the common tendon of quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

the navicular bone of the foot is analogous to what

A

the scaphoid bone in hand

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14
Q

iliac crest location

A

L4

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15
Q

the great saphenous vein is accompanied by?

A

Saphenous N

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16
Q

the small saphenous vein is accompanied by??

A

sural nerve

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17
Q

location of Great saphenous vein on ankle

A

Anterior to medial malleolus

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18
Q

location of small saphenous vein on ankle

A

posterior to lateral malleolus

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19
Q

angle of inclination is formed by?

A

long axis of femoral head and neck and the long axis of femur

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20
Q

angle of torsion formed by?

A

long axis of femoral head and neck and a tangential line to the femoral condyles ( inferiorly)

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21
Q

increased angle of torsion would be exhibited by

A

in toeing or knock kneed

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22
Q

increased angle of torsion would complain of?

A

posterior hip pain- due to accommodation of toes back to a neutral state

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23
Q

what forms the ankle joint

A

the talar dome with inferior portions of tibia and fibula

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24
Q

ankle joint is what type of joint

A

Hinge

saggital joint range of motion

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25
Q

Talus articulates inferiorly with

A

calcaneus

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26
Q

importance of width of talus–

A

it is 5MM wider at the distal region

meaning the Mortise ( ankle joint) will be tighter for dorsiflexion

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27
Q

The ankle joint is more stable where

A

dorsiflexion , since the dome is wider anteriorly than posteriorly

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28
Q

iliac crest located

A

L4

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29
Q

pubic symphisis located

A

midline between right and left ischiopubic rami

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30
Q

PSIS location`

A

S2

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31
Q

pubic tubercle location

A

2.5 cm lateral to pubic symphysis

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32
Q

location of deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

within the femoral sheath

medial to femoral vein

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33
Q

deep inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from where

A

o superficial lymph
o popliteal lymph
o deeper tissues of limb

34
Q

where does the great saphenous vein ORIGINATE

A

dorsal venous arch

35
Q

front door

A

lumbar plexus
femoral n
obturator n

36
Q

back door

A

sacral plexus

37
Q

what is the saphenous opening

A

defect/ hiatus of deep fascia that allows superficial veins to dive below fascia lata and empty into venous system

38
Q

fascia lata of posterior leg AKA

A

crural fascia

39
Q

patellar tendon checks for what reflex

A

L2 -L3 femoral nerve

40
Q

where does the femoral nerve emerge

A

laterally to psoas major

BEHIND inguinal ligament

41
Q

location of inguinal hernia

A

superior and medial to femoral hernia

42
Q

Areas suitable for intramuscular injections (2)

A

Superior lateral quadrant of buttocks- free of nerves

On tensor fascia lata muscle

43
Q

pes anserinus

A 
Aka gooses foot 
insertion of 3 muscles from 3 diff compartments with 3 different innervations into the medial aspect of knee capsule ( SGT AMP)
Sartorius- Femoral N.-→ anteriorly 
Gracilis- obturator N→middle
Semitendinosus→tibial N→ posteriorly
44
Q

The superior and inferior gluteal artery come from?

A

Branch of internal iliac artery

45
Q

Does the deep femoral artery go down to the ankle

A

No, it ends at thigh

Femoral artery →popliteal artery supplies all ankle and foot

46
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

Medial – semimembranosus and semitendinosus above, medial head of gastrocnemius below
Lateral- biceps femoris above, lateral head of gastrocnemius below

47
Q

Roof of popliteal fossa

A

Deep fascia, penetrated by small saphenous vein

48
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa ( superficial to deep )

A 
Tibial nerve ( midline), common peroneal nerve ( lateral)
Popliteal vein 
Popliteal artery – Deepest- rests on posterior capsule of knee joint
49
Q

Floor of popliteal fossa

A

Popliteus muscle and femur

50
Q

Trajectory of great saphenous vein

A

Originates from dorsal venous arch, anterior to medial malleolus goes up close to knee and then up leg to femoral triangle into the medial portion of groin
Goes with saphenous nerve

51
Q

Trajectory of lesser saphenous vein

A

From dorsal venous arch, posterior to lateral malleolus, goes behind leg and dives INTO popliteal fossa
Goes with sural nerve

52
Q

What are the two flexor retinaculum

A

Superior flexor retinaculum- like a bandaid

Inferior flexor retinaculum—Y shaped with its base LATERALLY

53
Q

Where does the inferior flexor retinaculum originate

A

The sinus tarsi

Space in between the talus and calcaneus

54
Q

Comparison of medial and lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

The lateral ankle ligaments are less robust than the medial → can tear those ligaments easily

55
Q

The palmaris longus is important because?

A

NOT important, can be sacrificed and used for stuff

56
Q

Comparison of medial and lateral meniscus of knee

A

Medial meniscus is more robust attachment to medial collateral ligament

57
Q

Does the lateral compartment of the leg have a blood vessel ?

A

NO, it just has the superficial peroneal nerve

58
Q

How does the lateral compartment of leg receive blood

A

Through perforating branches of popliteal artery… (anterior tibial and peroneal )

59
Q

Anterior tibial artery sends perforating branches to

A

Peroneus longus

60
Q

Peroneal artery sends perforating branches to

A

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

61
Q

Closed kinetic chain

A

Weight bearing

62
Q

Open kinetic chain

A

Non weight bearing

63
Q

Flexor retinaculum AKA _____ makes up?

A

Laciniate ligament

Makes up the tarsal tunnel

64
Q

What goes through the tarsal tunnel

A 
Tom dick And very nervous harry 
Tibialis posterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery 
Vena comitantes ( 2 veins that go opposite direction of artery)
Nerve – tibial nerve
65
Q

At the ankle the ______ becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

A

Anterior tibial artery

66
Q

“trifurcation” of popliteal artery

A

1- anterior tibial artery ( to anterior compartment of leg)
2- Posterior tibial ( M)
3. Peroneal artery ( L)

67
Q

what happens to the posterior tibial artery at the foot?

A

Goes to plantar aspect of foot

Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries

68
Q

Function of plantar aponeurosis

A

Support arch of foot – designed for bipedal gait..

69
Q

What is considered the midline of the foot

A

Second ray ( second digit)

70
Q

During swing gate the foot normally hits ground at how many degrees of inversion

A

Two degrees

71
Q

Function of anterior compartment of leg during walking

A

Decelerates foot as you hit floor so you don’t slap your foot

72
Q

Function of plantar aponeurosis

A

Provides for maintenance of medial and longitudinal arch in weight bearing

73
Q

What is the porta pedis

A

Anatomical spot where neurovascular structures of medial ankle enter foot ( ie contents of tarsal tunnel)
Defect thru abductor hallucis origin

74
Q

Where does tarsal tunnel enter

A

Medially in hind foot thru the porta pedis

75
Q

What creates a pure antagonist “lasso” in plantar aspect of foot

A 
Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion and inversion)
and peroneus longus (plantar flexion and eversion)
both insert onto base of first metacarpal
76
Q

location of dorsalis pedis artery (what is laterally and what is medially)

A

deep to extensor retinaculum
laterally – deep peroneal nerve and tendons of EDL and peroneus tertius
medially- EHL and TA

77
Q

where does the dorsalis pedis artery end

A

at the PROXIMAL end of the first intermettarsal space ( perforating artery connects dorsal and plantar aspect )

78
Q

the lateral plantar artery gives off what?

A

Deep plantar arch

Joins with perforating arteries of dorsalis pedis at the first metatarsal space

79
Q

Where does the os cocci meet axial skeleton

A

At sacroiliac joint

80
Q

Hiltons law*

A

If a muscle acts upon a joint the nerve that innervates the muscle will somehow innervate the joint its acting upon

Anatomy, Lower Limb (10 decks)

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