Random information Flashcards
Sacrotuberous ligament
extends from ischial tuberosity to lower sacrum and coccyx
closes off lesser sciatic foramen
sacrospinous ligament
extends from ischial spine to lower sacrum and coccyx
converts greater sciatic notch into greater sciatic foramen
greater sciatic foramen transmits-
piriformis muscle
superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
internal pudental vessels and nerves
sciatic nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
nerve to obturator internus and quadrates femoris
lesser sciatic foramen
tendon of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
internal pudental vessels
Pudendal nerve
angle of inclination of femur in
adult
child
child -135
adult- 120
torsion angle of the femur
formed by transverse axis of femoral condyles and long axis of head and neck ( It is NOT parallel to condyle)
12* of ANTEVERSION
coxa valga
> 135 * femoral shaft angle- “straighter”
coxa vara
<135* femoral shaft angle- “more horizontal”
where does the axial skeleton met appendicular skeleton at lower body
sacroiliac joint
male v female pelvis
females have rounder and wider pelvic rim
what passes through both foramen
pudental nerve, internal pudental vessels and nerve to obturator internus
the patella is found within where?
within the common tendon of quadriceps femoris
the navicular bone of the foot is analogous to what
the scaphoid bone in hand
iliac crest location
L4
the great saphenous vein is accompanied by?
Saphenous N
the small saphenous vein is accompanied by??
sural nerve
location of Great saphenous vein on ankle
Anterior to medial malleolus
location of small saphenous vein on ankle
posterior to lateral malleolus
angle of inclination is formed by?
long axis of femoral head and neck and the long axis of femur
angle of torsion formed by?
long axis of femoral head and neck and a tangential line to the femoral condyles ( inferiorly)
increased angle of torsion would be exhibited by
in toeing or knock kneed
increased angle of torsion would complain of?
posterior hip pain- due to accommodation of toes back to a neutral state
what forms the ankle joint
the talar dome with inferior portions of tibia and fibula
ankle joint is what type of joint
Hinge
saggital joint range of motion
Talus articulates inferiorly with
calcaneus
importance of width of talus–
it is 5MM wider at the distal region
meaning the Mortise ( ankle joint) will be tighter for dorsiflexion
The ankle joint is more stable where
dorsiflexion , since the dome is wider anteriorly than posteriorly
iliac crest located
L4
pubic symphisis located
midline between right and left ischiopubic rami
PSIS location`
S2
pubic tubercle location
2.5 cm lateral to pubic symphysis
location of deep inguinal lymph nodes
within the femoral sheath
medial to femoral vein
deep inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from where
o superficial lymph
o popliteal lymph
o deeper tissues of limb
where does the great saphenous vein ORIGINATE
dorsal venous arch
front door
lumbar plexus
femoral n
obturator n
back door
sacral plexus
what is the saphenous opening
defect/ hiatus of deep fascia that allows superficial veins to dive below fascia lata and empty into venous system
fascia lata of posterior leg AKA
crural fascia
patellar tendon checks for what reflex
L2 -L3 femoral nerve
where does the femoral nerve emerge
laterally to psoas major
BEHIND inguinal ligament
location of inguinal hernia
superior and medial to femoral hernia
Areas suitable for intramuscular injections (2)
Superior lateral quadrant of buttocks- free of nerves
On tensor fascia lata muscle
pes anserinus
Aka gooses foot insertion of 3 muscles from 3 diff compartments with 3 different innervations into the medial aspect of knee capsule ( SGT AMP) Sartorius- Femoral N.-→ anteriorly Gracilis- obturator N→middle Semitendinosus→tibial N→ posteriorly
The superior and inferior gluteal artery come from?
Branch of internal iliac artery
Does the deep femoral artery go down to the ankle
No, it ends at thigh
Femoral artery →popliteal artery supplies all ankle and foot
Boundaries of popliteal fossa
Medial – semimembranosus and semitendinosus above, medial head of gastrocnemius below
Lateral- biceps femoris above, lateral head of gastrocnemius below
Roof of popliteal fossa
Deep fascia, penetrated by small saphenous vein
Contents of popliteal fossa ( superficial to deep )
Tibial nerve ( midline), common peroneal nerve ( lateral) Popliteal vein Popliteal artery – Deepest- rests on posterior capsule of knee joint
Floor of popliteal fossa
Popliteus muscle and femur
Trajectory of great saphenous vein
Originates from dorsal venous arch, anterior to medial malleolus goes up close to knee and then up leg to femoral triangle into the medial portion of groin
Goes with saphenous nerve
Trajectory of lesser saphenous vein
From dorsal venous arch, posterior to lateral malleolus, goes behind leg and dives INTO popliteal fossa
Goes with sural nerve
What are the two flexor retinaculum
Superior flexor retinaculum- like a bandaid
Inferior flexor retinaculum—Y shaped with its base LATERALLY
Where does the inferior flexor retinaculum originate
The sinus tarsi
Space in between the talus and calcaneus
Comparison of medial and lateral ligaments of the ankle
The lateral ankle ligaments are less robust than the medial → can tear those ligaments easily
The palmaris longus is important because?
NOT important, can be sacrificed and used for stuff
Comparison of medial and lateral meniscus of knee
Medial meniscus is more robust attachment to medial collateral ligament
Does the lateral compartment of the leg have a blood vessel ?
NO, it just has the superficial peroneal nerve
How does the lateral compartment of leg receive blood
Through perforating branches of popliteal artery… (anterior tibial and peroneal )
Anterior tibial artery sends perforating branches to
Peroneus longus
Peroneal artery sends perforating branches to
Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
Closed kinetic chain
Weight bearing
Open kinetic chain
Non weight bearing
Flexor retinaculum AKA _____ makes up?
Laciniate ligament
Makes up the tarsal tunnel
What goes through the tarsal tunnel
Tom dick And very nervous harry Tibialis posterior Extensor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Vena comitantes ( 2 veins that go opposite direction of artery) Nerve – tibial nerve
At the ankle the ______ becomes the dorsalis pedis artery
Anterior tibial artery
“trifurcation” of popliteal artery
1- anterior tibial artery ( to anterior compartment of leg)
2- Posterior tibial ( M)
3. Peroneal artery ( L)
what happens to the posterior tibial artery at the foot?
Goes to plantar aspect of foot
Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries
Function of plantar aponeurosis
Support arch of foot – designed for bipedal gait..
What is considered the midline of the foot
Second ray ( second digit)
During swing gate the foot normally hits ground at how many degrees of inversion
Two degrees
Function of anterior compartment of leg during walking
Decelerates foot as you hit floor so you don’t slap your foot
Function of plantar aponeurosis
Provides for maintenance of medial and longitudinal arch in weight bearing
What is the porta pedis
Anatomical spot where neurovascular structures of medial ankle enter foot ( ie contents of tarsal tunnel)
Defect thru abductor hallucis origin
Where does tarsal tunnel enter
Medially in hind foot thru the porta pedis
What creates a pure antagonist “lasso” in plantar aspect of foot
Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion and inversion) and peroneus longus (plantar flexion and eversion) both insert onto base of first metacarpal
location of dorsalis pedis artery (what is laterally and what is medially)
deep to extensor retinaculum
laterally – deep peroneal nerve and tendons of EDL and peroneus tertius
medially- EHL and TA
where does the dorsalis pedis artery end
at the PROXIMAL end of the first intermettarsal space ( perforating artery connects dorsal and plantar aspect )
the lateral plantar artery gives off what?
Deep plantar arch
Joins with perforating arteries of dorsalis pedis at the first metatarsal space
Where does the os cocci meet axial skeleton
At sacroiliac joint
Hiltons law*
If a muscle acts upon a joint the nerve that innervates the muscle will somehow innervate the joint its acting upon
