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First Aid > random important questions > Flashcards

random important questions Flashcards

1
Q

what CSF findings would you expect with Gullian biere

A

albuminocytologic dissociation

  • normal cell count
  • inc protein
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2
Q

we drive kawasaki cars with our hands and feet

conditions associated with rash on hands and feet

A

Kawaski disease

Coxsackie A virus

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Secondary syphilis

meningococcemia (N. meningitidis)

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3
Q

IL- promates B cell growth and differentiation

A

IL-4 , IL-5

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4
Q

produced by th1 cells

A

il-2, IFN-gamma

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5
Q

produced by TH2 cells

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL10

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6
Q

Secreted by helper T cells and activates macrophages

A

IFN- gamma

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7
Q

pyrogens secreted by monocytes and macrophages

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF a

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8
Q

enhances synthesis of IgE and IgG

A

IL-4

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9
Q

enhances synthesis of IgA

A

IL-5

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10
Q

released by virus infected cells

A

IFN-a , IFN-B

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11
Q

what are the 4 obligate aerobic bacteria?

“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”

A

Nocardia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bacillus

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12
Q

pro drug of 6-mercaptopurine

A

azathioprine

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13
Q

what drug causes phocomelia

A

thalidomide

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14
Q

what drug is nephrotoxic in 75% of pts

A

cyclosporine

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15
Q

what drug inhibits secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines

A

Tacrolimus

Cyclosporine

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16
Q

what hematologic changes would you expect to see in pt without a funcitonal spleen

A

thrombocytosis

howell jolly bodies

target cells

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17
Q

what questions are asked during the 4 phaes of clinical development

A

phase

1: is the drug safe
2. does it work
3. does it work better
4. post market surveillance

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18
Q

common causes of Restricitve cardiomyopathy

(anything that bulks of the heart tissue)

A

sarcoidosis

amyloidosis

hemochromatosis

loefflers disease

endocardial fibroelastosis

post radiation fibrosis

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19
Q

what thyroid cancers do you see

activation of receptor tyrosine kinases

A

papillary carcinoma

medullary carcinoma

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20
Q

hasimoto thyroditis is a risk factor for?

A

B-cell lymphoma

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21
Q

cancer arising from parafollicular C cells

A

medullary carcinoma

22
Q

most commonly associated with

RAS mutation or a

PAX8-PPARy-1 rearrangment

A

follicular carcinoma

23
Q

what drugs are known for causing methemoglobinemia?

A

nitrates most common

antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, primaquine)

dapsone

sulfonamides

local anesthetics (lidocaine)

metoclopromide

24
Q

metabolic acidosis

retinal damage and blindness

A

methanol poisoning

methanol –> formaldehyde

25
Q

what skin disorder

pruritic, purple polygonal papules

A

lichen planus

26
Q

what skin condition

pruritic vesicles associated with celiac disease

A

dermatitis herptiformis

27
Q

thickened scar especially around the face and chest

A

keloid

28
Q

parakerototic scaling is seen in what skin condition

A

psoriasis

29
Q

keratin filled cyst is associated w/ what skin condition

A

seborrheic keratosis

30
Q

skin rash and proximal muscle weakness

A

dermatomyositis

31
Q

hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis

is associated with

A

verrucae (HPV)

32
Q

what psychiatric disorders are associated with an inc in nore epi

A

anxiety

mania

33
Q

What drugs can be used to reverse neuromuscular blockade?

A

cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine)

34
Q

what will each of these receptors if activated do to heart rate

B1

B2

M2

A

B1- inc hr

B2- inc hr

M2 - dec hr

35
Q

what enzyme is responsible for tRNA charging

A

Aminoacyl-trna synthetase

36
Q

what enzyme catalyzes peptide bond formation

A

peptidyl transferase

37
Q

what is the difference bw

emphysema caused by smoking vs alpha 1 - antitrypsin emphysema

A

centriacinar emphysema (smoking)

PANacinar emphysema (a1- antitrypsin def)

38
Q

causes of transudative pleural effusion

A

chf

cirrhosis

nephrotic syndrome

fluid overload

(inc hydrostatic p)

39
Q

causes of exudative pleural effusion

A

pneumonia

infections

TB

malignancy **

uremia

CT disease

40
Q

a women that commonly develops extensive muscle cramps and darken of her urine after exercise

whats the diagnosis?

A

McArdle disease

41
Q

thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei

diagnosis

A

orphan ani nuclei

papillary carcinoma of thyroid

42
Q

Branching RODS on oral infection

diagnosis

A

actinomyces israelii

43
Q

Eczema + recurrent infections + thrombocytopenia

pnemonic “WADER”

A

Wiskott aldrich syndrome

44
Q

Hemosiderinuria + thrombosis

what is the diagnosis (hint related to heme)

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

45
Q

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism

Inactivates EF-2

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Pseudomonas (Exotoxin A)

46
Q

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism

activates Gs

A

Vibrio cholerae

E coli ( ETEC heat-labile toxin)

47
Q

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism

Disables Gi

A

Pertussis toxin

48
Q

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism

bacterial adenylate cyclase (no G protein involved)

A

Bacillus anthracis

49
Q

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism

blocks GABA and GLYCINE***

A

Clostridium tetani

50
Q

what drug is used to make the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium (cholinergic)

51
Q

heart sound for dilated CHF

A

S3 heart sound

52
Q

what heart sound is associated with

chronic HTN and stiffened left ventricle

A

S4 heart sound

First Aid (15 decks)

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