random important questions Flashcards
what CSF findings would you expect with Gullian biere
albuminocytologic dissociation
- normal cell count
- inc protein
we drive kawasaki cars with our hands and feet
conditions associated with rash on hands and feet
Kawaski disease
Coxsackie A virus
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Secondary syphilis
meningococcemia (N. meningitidis)
IL- promates B cell growth and differentiation
IL-4 , IL-5
produced by th1 cells
il-2, IFN-gamma
produced by TH2 cells
IL-4, IL-5, IL10
Secreted by helper T cells and activates macrophages
IFN- gamma
pyrogens secreted by monocytes and macrophages
IL-1, IL-6, TNF a
enhances synthesis of IgE and IgG
IL-4
enhances synthesis of IgA
IL-5
released by virus infected cells
IFN-a , IFN-B
what are the 4 obligate aerobic bacteria?
“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus
pro drug of 6-mercaptopurine
azathioprine
what drug causes phocomelia
thalidomide
what drug is nephrotoxic in 75% of pts
cyclosporine
what drug inhibits secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines
Tacrolimus
Cyclosporine
what hematologic changes would you expect to see in pt without a funcitonal spleen
thrombocytosis
howell jolly bodies
target cells
what questions are asked during the 4 phaes of clinical development
phase
1: is the drug safe
2. does it work
3. does it work better
4. post market surveillance
common causes of Restricitve cardiomyopathy
(anything that bulks of the heart tissue)
sarcoidosis
amyloidosis
hemochromatosis
loefflers disease
endocardial fibroelastosis
post radiation fibrosis
what thyroid cancers do you see
activation of receptor tyrosine kinases
papillary carcinoma
medullary carcinoma
hasimoto thyroditis is a risk factor for?
B-cell lymphoma
cancer arising from parafollicular C cells
medullary carcinoma
most commonly associated with
RAS mutation or a
PAX8-PPARy-1 rearrangment
follicular carcinoma
what drugs are known for causing methemoglobinemia?
nitrates most common
antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, primaquine)
dapsone
sulfonamides
local anesthetics (lidocaine)
metoclopromide
metabolic acidosis
retinal damage and blindness
methanol poisoning
methanol –> formaldehyde
what skin disorder
pruritic, purple polygonal papules
lichen planus
what skin condition
pruritic vesicles associated with celiac disease
dermatitis herptiformis
thickened scar especially around the face and chest
keloid
parakerototic scaling is seen in what skin condition
psoriasis
keratin filled cyst is associated w/ what skin condition
seborrheic keratosis
skin rash and proximal muscle weakness
dermatomyositis
hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis
is associated with
verrucae (HPV)
what psychiatric disorders are associated with an inc in nore epi
anxiety
mania
What drugs can be used to reverse neuromuscular blockade?
cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine)
what will each of these receptors if activated do to heart rate
B1
B2
M2
B1- inc hr
B2- inc hr
M2 - dec hr
what enzyme is responsible for tRNA charging
Aminoacyl-trna synthetase
what enzyme catalyzes peptide bond formation
peptidyl transferase
what is the difference bw
emphysema caused by smoking vs alpha 1 - antitrypsin emphysema
centriacinar emphysema (smoking)
PANacinar emphysema (a1- antitrypsin def)
causes of transudative pleural effusion
chf
cirrhosis
nephrotic syndrome
fluid overload
(inc hydrostatic p)
causes of exudative pleural effusion
pneumonia
infections
TB
malignancy **
uremia
CT disease
a women that commonly develops extensive muscle cramps and darken of her urine after exercise
whats the diagnosis?
McArdle disease
thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei
diagnosis
orphan ani nuclei
papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Branching RODS on oral infection
diagnosis
actinomyces israelii
Eczema + recurrent infections + thrombocytopenia
pnemonic “WADER”
Wiskott aldrich syndrome
Hemosiderinuria + thrombosis
what is the diagnosis (hint related to heme)
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism
Inactivates EF-2
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pseudomonas (Exotoxin A)
which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism
activates Gs
Vibrio cholerae
E coli ( ETEC heat-labile toxin)
which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism
Disables Gi
Pertussis toxin
which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism
bacterial adenylate cyclase (no G protein involved)
Bacillus anthracis
which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism
blocks GABA and GLYCINE***
Clostridium tetani
what drug is used to make the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium (cholinergic)
heart sound for dilated CHF
S3 heart sound
what heart sound is associated with
chronic HTN and stiffened left ventricle
S4 heart sound
