random important questions Flashcards by conrad landers

what CSF findings would you expect with Gullian biere

albuminocytologic dissociation

normal cell count
inc protein

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we drive kawasaki cars with our hands and feet

conditions associated with rash on hands and feet

Kawaski disease

Coxsackie A virus

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Secondary syphilis

meningococcemia (N. meningitidis)

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IL- promates B cell growth and differentiation

IL-4 , IL-5

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produced by th1 cells

il-2, IFN-gamma

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produced by TH2 cells

IL-4, IL-5, IL10

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Secreted by helper T cells and activates macrophages

IFN- gamma

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pyrogens secreted by monocytes and macrophages

IL-1, IL-6, TNF a

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enhances synthesis of IgE and IgG

IL-4

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enhances synthesis of IgA

IL-5

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released by virus infected cells

IFN-a , IFN-B

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what are the 4 obligate aerobic bacteria?

“Nagging Pests Must Breathe”

Nocardia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bacillus

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pro drug of 6-mercaptopurine

azathioprine

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what drug causes phocomelia

thalidomide

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what drug is nephrotoxic in 75% of pts

cyclosporine

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what drug inhibits secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines

Tacrolimus

Cyclosporine

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what hematologic changes would you expect to see in pt without a funcitonal spleen

thrombocytosis

howell jolly bodies

target cells

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what questions are asked during the 4 phaes of clinical development

phase

1: is the drug safe
2. does it work
3. does it work better
4. post market surveillance

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common causes of Restricitve cardiomyopathy

(anything that bulks of the heart tissue)

sarcoidosis

amyloidosis

hemochromatosis

loefflers disease

endocardial fibroelastosis

post radiation fibrosis

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what thyroid cancers do you see

activation of receptor tyrosine kinases

papillary carcinoma

medullary carcinoma

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hasimoto thyroditis is a risk factor for?

B-cell lymphoma

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cancer arising from parafollicular C cells

medullary carcinoma

most commonly associated with

RAS mutation or a

PAX8-PPARy-1 rearrangment

follicular carcinoma

what drugs are known for causing methemoglobinemia?

nitrates most common

antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, primaquine)

dapsone

sulfonamides

local anesthetics (lidocaine)

metoclopromide

metabolic acidosis

retinal damage and blindness

methanol poisoning

methanol –> formaldehyde

what skin disorder ## Footnote **pruritic, purple polygonal papules**

**lichen planus**

what skin condition **pruritic vesicles** associated with **celiac disease**

**dermatitis herptiformis**

thickened scar especially around the face and chest

**keloid**

parakerototic scaling is seen in what skin condition

**psoriasis**

**keratin filled cyst** is associated w/ what skin condition

**seborrheic keratosis**

skin rash and proximal muscle weakness

**dermatomyositis**

**hyperkeratosis** and **koilocytosis** is associated with

**verrucae (HPV)**

what psychiatric disorders are associated with an inc in nore epi

**anxiety** **mania**

What drugs can be used to reverse neuromuscular blockade?

**cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine)**

what will each of these receptors if activated do to heart rate **B1** **B2** **M2**

B1- **inc hr** ## Footnote **B2- inc hr** **M2 - dec hr**

what enzyme is responsible for tRNA charging

**Aminoacyl-t****rna synthetase**

what enzyme catalyzes peptide bond formation

**peptidyl transferase**

what is the difference bw emphysema caused by smoking vs alpha 1 - antitrypsin emphysema

**centriacinar** emphysema (**smoking)** **PANacinar** emphysema (**a1- antitrypsin def)**

causes of transudative pleural effusion

**chf** **cirrhosis** **nephrotic syndrome** **fluid overload** **(inc hydrostatic p)**

causes of exudative pleural effusion

**pneumonia** **infections** **TB** **malignancy \*\*** **uremia** **CT disease**

a women that commonly develops **extensive muscle cramps** and **darken of her urine after exercise** whats the diagnosis?

**McArdle disease**

thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei diagnosis

orphan ani nuclei ## Footnote **papillary carcinoma of thyroid**

**Branching RODS** on oral infection diagnosis

***actinomyces israelii***

**Eczema + recurrent infections + thrombocytopenia** pnemonic "WADER"

**Wiskott aldrich syndrome**

**Hemosiderinuria + thrombosis** what is the diagnosis (hint related to heme)

**paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria**

which organism produces an **exotoxin** that works under the following mechanism **Inactivates EF-2**

***Corynebacterium diphtheriae*** ***Pseudomonas (*Exotoxin A)**

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism **activates Gs**

***Vibrio cholerae*** ***E coli*** **( ETEC heat-labile toxin)**

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism **Disables Gi**

**Pertussis toxin**

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism ## Footnote **bacterial adenylate cyclase (no G protein involved)**

**Bacillus anthracis**

which organism produces an exotoxin that works under the following mechanism **blocks GABA** and **GLYCINE\*\*\***

***Clostridium tetani***

what drug is used to make the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

**Edrophonium** (cholinergic)

heart sound for dilated CHF

**S3 heart sound**

what heart sound is associated with **chronic HTN** and **stiffened left ventricle**

**S4 heart sound**