random factoids

Question 1

what is otosclerosis + when does it worsen?

Answer 1

fixation of the stapes bone, worsens in pregnanacy

inherited but can skip generations

Question 2

which CN nerve must be damaged for horizontal nystagus to present?

Answer 2

CN 6

Question 3

what does the tympanic membrane look like in otitis media?

Answer 3

buldging

Question 4

what is the step by step epistaxis approach?

Answer 4

1. first aid
2. direct therapy eg silver nitrated cautery to an idedntifiable bleeding point / vessel anteriorly
3. indirect therapy eg nasal packs
4. surgery - sphenopalatine artery ligaition

Question 5

if webers test lateralises to the right but left air conduction> bone conduction, what is the diagnosis?

Answer 5

left sensorineural problem

Question 6

what should you expect for unilateral purulent discharge in a toddler?

Answer 6

foreign body

Question 7

what usually preceeds otitis media?

Answer 7

URTI

Question 8

what is a very specific symptom of a lymphoma?

Answer 8

alcohol induced neck pain

Question 9

what are the 2 limbs of the gag reflecx?

Answer 9

afferent - glossopharyngeal

efferent - vagus

Question 10

what are the symptoms of maxillary sinusitis?

Answer 10

frontal head pain which is worsen when bending over

Question 11

where is cone of light seen?

Answer 11

pars tensa

Question 12

what is pars flacid?

Answer 12

opposite of pars tensa
more loose
cholestatoma seen here

Question 13

what are the ear abnormalities of OM

Answer 13

bulging (bagel) TM, grey in colour,

Question 14

what does a rupture of OM feel like

Answer 14

sudden relief

mucous seen on pillow

Question 15

what does OME look like

Answer 15

retracted TM (structures look more prominent) due to change in pressure 
can be caused by bacteria or ET dysfucntion

Question 16

what is the chorda tympani

Answer 16

nerve which arrises from mastoid segment of facial nerve carrying afferent sensation from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue via the linguial nerve as well as parasympathetic secretormotor function to submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 17

what is the first nerve to branch off of the vagus nerve

Answer 17

superior laryngeal nerve

Question 18

where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off and where does it go

Answer 18

from the vagus nerve in the mediastinum and ascendes

Question 19

what is a cystic hygroma

Answer 19

benign congenital lymphatic lesions

Question 20

where are cystic hygromas located

Answer 20

left posterior triangle of neck

diagnosed within first 2 years of life

Question 21

who are pharyngeal pouches seen in

Answer 21

older men

Question 22

most common cause of neck swelling

Answer 22

reactive lymphadenopathy

Question 23

what is a lump between istmus of thyroid and hyoid bone

Answer 23

thyroglossal cyst

Question 24

what is a pulseatile neck mass

Answer 24

carotid aneurysm

Question 25

which neck lump is associated with dysphagia, aspiration + chronic cough

Answer 25

pharyngeal pouch

Question 26

most common bacterial cause of otitis media

Answer 26

h influenza

Question 27

which vertebrae level is hyoid cartilage

Answer 27

C3

Question 28

which vertebrae level is thyoird cartialge located

Answer 28

C4/5/6

Question 29

which vertebrae level is cricoid cartilage located

Answer 29

C6