random factoids Flashcards
what is otosclerosis + when does it worsen?
fixation of the stapes bone, worsens in pregnanacy
inherited but can skip generations
which CN nerve must be damaged for horizontal nystagus to present?
CN 6
what does the tympanic membrane look like in otitis media?
buldging
what is the step by step epistaxis approach?
- first aid
- direct therapy eg silver nitrated cautery to an idedntifiable bleeding point / vessel anteriorly
- indirect therapy eg nasal packs
- surgery - sphenopalatine artery ligaition
if webers test lateralises to the right but left air conduction> bone conduction, what is the diagnosis?
left sensorineural problem
what should you expect for unilateral purulent discharge in a toddler?
foreign body
what usually preceeds otitis media?
URTI
what is a very specific symptom of a lymphoma?
alcohol induced neck pain
what are the 2 limbs of the gag reflecx?
afferent - glossopharyngeal
efferent - vagus
what are the symptoms of maxillary sinusitis?
frontal head pain which is worsen when bending over
where is cone of light seen?
pars tensa
what is pars flacid?
opposite of pars tensa
more loose
cholestatoma seen here
what are the ear abnormalities of OM
bulging (bagel) TM, grey in colour,
what does a rupture of OM feel like
sudden relief
mucous seen on pillow
what does OME look like
retracted TM (structures look more prominent) due to change in pressure can be caused by bacteria or ET dysfucntion
what is the chorda tympani
nerve which arrises from mastoid segment of facial nerve carrying afferent sensation from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue via the linguial nerve as well as parasympathetic secretormotor function to submandibular and sublingual glands
what is the first nerve to branch off of the vagus nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off and where does it go
from the vagus nerve in the mediastinum and ascendes
what is a cystic hygroma
benign congenital lymphatic lesions
where are cystic hygromas located
left posterior triangle of neck
diagnosed within first 2 years of life
who are pharyngeal pouches seen in
older men
most common cause of neck swelling
reactive lymphadenopathy
what is a lump between istmus of thyroid and hyoid bone
thyroglossal cyst
what is a pulseatile neck mass
carotid aneurysm
which neck lump is associated with dysphagia, aspiration + chronic cough
pharyngeal pouch
most common bacterial cause of otitis media
h influenza
which vertebrae level is hyoid cartilage
C3
which vertebrae level is thyoird cartialge located
C4/5/6
which vertebrae level is cricoid cartilage located
C6
