random definitions from papers xoxo Flashcards
crenation
not cremation 😃
The shrinking of a cell when placed in a hypertonic solution due to large amounts of water moving out of the cell through osmosis
plasmolysed
effect produced by placing plant cells in a hypertonic solution causing the cell to shrivel from water loss, resulting in the membrane pulling away from the rigid cell wall
adhesion
probs on other flashcarda BUT DO IT AGAIN RAT
- sticky between water and something else
cohesion
yes agsin stfu
- water sticky to other water (hydrgen bonds)
Starch test
- IODINE is orange-brown
pos test = blue black
Lipid test
- ETHANOL is colourless
pos test = cloudy emulsion layer
Protein test
- BIURETS REAGENT is blue
- pos test = LILAC
Reducing Sugar
- BENEDICTS is light blue
pos test = green to brick red
Non reducing sugar
- BENEDICTS (light blue) but boil with HCl then neutralise with NaOH first
pos test = green to orange to orange-red through to brick red
Describe how molecule is prepared and secreted by whatever gland after translation
STANDARD ANSWER JUST BE SPECIFIC IN EXAM
M1 - transport vesicle from RER
M2 - modification
M3 - at golgi
M4 - packaged into secretory vesicle
M5 - vesicles move along cytoskeleton
M6 - vesicles fuses with cell surface
M7 - secretion occurs by exocytosis
Plan investigation into rate of transpiration in 2 species of plant that would allow valid data to be collected
DO NOT SAY DETAILS OF SETTING UP POTOMETER
standard answer CHANGE IN EXAM ACCORDINGLY!!
M1 As using potometer, you can measure the distance the bubble travels along capillary tube which can be used to calculate the volume. M2 Distance moved x pi x r^2. Work out time by M3 turning on stop watch at beginning and stopping it when bubble has travelled to the end. M4 Repeat the experiment for anomalies and to calculate a M5 t test to compare the data. Humidity, light intensity, temperature should be M6 controlled. M7 For example, keep in water bath so temp is constant, do experiment under a light so light intensity can be controlled.
TTX is known to reduce speed of conduction in purkyne fibres of heart.
Suggest and explain what effect it would have on heart rate.
sample Q also standard answer BUT CHANGE ACCORDINGLT
It can slow down the heart rate as it slows transmission of impulse from AVN to ventricles. This slows ventricular systole and there is a longer delay before ventricular systole begins. This increases time the heart is in diastole.
well developed transport system
- high metabolic rate
- need large oxygen supply
- diffusion too slow w/o it
- to maintain steep conc gradient
- low SA:V ratio
- glucose/amino acids needed by cells
limiting factor
factor that limits rate when at lower level
