Random Cardio 3

Question 1

Which ions are responsible for the generation of the “funny” current?

Answer 1

Sodium
Potassium

Question 2

what triggers vasovagal syncope?

Answer 2

emotional or orthostatic stress

Question 3

what is the target BP in diabetic patients?

Answer 3

130/80

Question 4

what is the difference between ABPM and HBPM procedure?

Answer 4

ABPM:

• at least two measurements per hour during the person’s usual waking hours (usually 14/day).

HBPM:

• two consecutive seated measurements, 1 minute apart
  BP is recorded twice a day for at least 4 days and preferably for 7 days
  measurements on the first day are discarded – average value of all remaining is used

Question 5

what is the target BP for those above 80 years old?

Answer 5

< 150/90

Question 6

Which vessel connects the aorta and pulmonary artery in foetal life?

Answer 6

ductus arteriosus

Question 7

what is used to diagnose aortic dissection?

Answer 7

CT angiogram

Question 8

what is used to diagnose AAA?

Answer 8

CT scan

Question 9

is proximal or distal thrombosis more likely to embolise?

Answer 9

proximal

Question 10

Doppler US scan and ______ are used in diagnosing DVT

Answer 10

d-dimer test

(good at ruling out, but not in)

Question 11

what is pitting oedema a sign of?

Answer 11

DVT

Question 12

what is the gold standard investigation in PE?

Answer 12

CTPA
(CT pulmonary angiogram)

Question 13

what is cor pulmonale?

Answer 13

right side heart failure caused by chronic lung disease

Question 14

which murmur can lead to pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 14

mitral stenosis

Question 15

which myopathy clinically presents with exertional syncope?

Answer 15

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Question 16

what is taken up by macrophages to form foam cells?

Answer 16

LDL