Random Flashcards
gracias
thanks, thank you [preliminary]
muchos gracias
Thank you very much [preliminary]
de nada
you’re welcome [preliminary]
no hay de qué
You’re welcome [preliminary]
por favor
please (also used to get someone’s attention) [preliminary]
perdón
pardon me, excuse me (to ask forgiveness or to get someone’s attention [preliminary]
con permiso
pardon me, excuse me (to request permission to pass by or through a group of people) [preliminary]
ser describes:
describes yourself and others
“to be” [preliminary]
hay expresses:
there is and there are [preliminary]
no hay means
there is not and there are not [preliminary]
¿hay…? asks:
is there…? or are there…? [preliminary]
verb
a word that describes an action or a state of being [preliminary]
noun
a word that denotes a person, place, thing, or idea [preliminary]
infinitive
a verb form that indicates action or state of being without reference to person, time, or number.
*DRINK not drinking/drink -all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir -infinitives in English are indicated by to: to speak, to eat, to live. [preliminary]
interrogative
a word, phrase, or sentence used to ask a question
*anything used to ask a question
[chapter 1]
diphthong
-a combination of two vowel sounds in one syllable
-pronounced as a single syllable in Spanish,
-two weak vowels
-combination of a strong and weak vowel
[chapter 1]
weak vowels
i or u [chapter 1]
strong vowels
a, e, or o [chapter 1]
article
a determiner that sets off a noun [chapter 1]
definite article
-an article that indicates a specific noun
-means: the
-el/la
[chapter 1]
indefinite article
-an article that indicates an unspecified noun
-means a/an or one
-un or una
[chapter 1]
plural articles el --> la--> un--> una-->
el –>los
la–>las
un–>unos
una–>unas
*unos and unas means some, several, or a few
[chapter 1]
subject
the person or thing that performs the action in a sentence
[chapter 1]
pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun or represents a person
[chapter 1]
subject pronoun
the person that performs the action in a sentence is expressed by subject pronouns
he-->él she -->ella they (all male)-->ellos thay (male and female)-->ellos they (all female) -->ellas [chapter 1]
tense
the quality of a verb form that indicates time: present, past, or future
[chapter 1]
CONJUGATING VERBS
-to conjugate a verb means to give the various forms of the verb with their corresponding subjects: I speak, you speak, she speaks, and so on
-all regular Spanish verbs are conjugated by adding personal endings (las terminaciones personales) that reflect the subject doing the action. These are added to the stem (la raíz or el radical), which is the infinitive minus the infinitive ending
-infinitive stem
hablar–> habl-
comer–> com-
vivir–> viv-
[chapter 1]
CONJUGATING VERBS
-to conjugate a verb means to give the various forms of the verb with their corresponding subjects: I speak, you speak, she speaks, and so on
-all regular Spanish verbs are conjugated by adding personal endings (las terminaciones personales) that reflect the subject doing the action. These are added to the stem (la raíz or el radical), which is the infinitive minus the infinitive ending
-infinitive stem
hablar–> habl-
comer–> com-
vivir–> viv-
[chapter 1]
regular present tense -ar endings
-o
-as
-a
-amos
-áis
-an
[chapter 1]
Conjugated verb + Infinitive -as in English when two Spanish verbs are used in sequence and there is no change of subject, the second verb is usually in the infinitive form example: -necesito llamar a mi familia (I need to call my family.)
-Me gusta bailar
(I like to dance.)
[chapter 1]
Conjugated verb + Infinitive -as in English when two Spanish verbs are used in sequence and there is no change of subject, the second verb is usually in the infinitive form example: -necesito llamar a mi familia (I need to call my family.)
-Me gusta bailar
(I like to dance.)
[chapter 1]
por expresses:
in or during
[chapter 1]
estar inquires
-about location or feelings/condition
-(to be)
[chapter 1]
stress and written accent marks
words that end in a vowel or -N or -S are stressed on the next-to-last syllable
CO-sa e-XA-men i-ta-LIA-no
GRA-cias E-res LEN-guas
Words that end in any other consonant are stressed on the last syllable
us-TED es-pa-ÑOL doc-TOR
na-tu-RAL pro-fe-SOR es-TAR
[chapter 2]
adjectives with ser
ser establishes what is considered basic reality
“snow is cold” “water is wet”
ex: 1.) Tú eres amable (you’re a nice person)
2. ) El diccionario es barato (the dictionary is inexpressive)
[chapter 2]
adjectives bueno and malo
- before a masculine singular noun, they shorten to buen and mal
- ex: 1) un buen perro / un perro bueno
2) un mal dia / un dia malo
[chapter 2]
adjectives bueno and malo
- before a masculine singular noun, they shorten to buen and mal
- ex: 1) un buen perro / un perro bueno
2) un mal dia / un dia malo
[chapter 2]
the adjective grande
- when precede noun -masculine or feminine = shortens to gran
- means great or impressive
- Nueva York es una gran ciudad / Nueva york es una ciudad grande
forms of this/these
este / esta = this
estos / estas = these
How/when is “del” used / formed
when “el” and “de” contract to –> “del”
