Chapter 6 - ¡A comer! Flashcards
Direct Object Pronouns:
- forms
- me
- te
- lo
- la
- nos
- os
- los
- las
Direct Object Pronouns:
- definition
- are the first recipient of the action of the verb.
- they are placed before a conjugated verb and after the word no when it appears.
- the third person is only used when the object has already been mentioned.
ex: ¿El menú? Diego no lo necesita.
**** lo can refer to actions, situations or ideas. when used in this way, lo expresses English it or that.
ex: No lo creo. = i don’t believe it. (that)****
Direct Object Pronouns:
- definition
- are the first recipient of the action of the verb.
- they are placed before a conjugated verb and after the word no when it appears.
- the third person is only used when the object has already been mentioned.
ex: ¿El menú? Diego no lo necesita.
**** lo can refer to actions, situations or ideas. when used in this way, lo expresses English it or that.
ex: No lo creo. = i don’t believe it. (that)****
Direct Object Pronouns with Infinitives or Present Particles:
- the direct object pronouns may be attached to an infinitive or a present participle.
ex: [both mean I am eating.]
Lo estoy comiendo.
or
Estoy comiéndolo
Direct Object Pronouns with Infinitives or Present Particles:
- the direct object pronouns may be attached to an infinitive or a present participle.
ex: [both mean I am eating.]
Lo estoy comiendo.
or
Estoy comiéndolo
Indefinite and Negative Words
- algo - nada
- alguien - nadie
- algún (alguna, algunos, algunas) - ningún (ninguna)
- siempre - nunca , jamás
- también - tampoco
Formal Command Endings
- ar —> -e, -en
- er/-ir —> -a, -an
acabar de + inf.
- to have just (done something)
- to talk about what you have just done.
ex: Acabo de almorzar con Beto.[I just had lunch with Beto.]
ayudar
to help
cenar
to have (eat) dinner, supper
cocinar
to cook
conocer (conozco)
to know, be acquainted, familiar with; to meet
contestar
to answer
desayunar
to have (eat) breakfast
esperar
to wait (for); to expect
invitar
to invite
llamar
to call
merendar (meriendo)
to have a snack
preguntar
to ask ( a question )
preparar
to prepare
saber (sé)
to know
saber + inf.
to know how to (do something)
el aceite
oil
el arroz
rice
las arvejas
green peas
el atún
tuna
el azúcar
sugar
el bistec
steak
los camarones
shrimp
la carne
meat
los champiñones
mushrooms
la chuleta (de cerdo)
(pork) chop
la comida
food
los dulces
sweets; candy
los espárragos
asparagus
el flan
(baked) custard
los frijoles
beans
la galleta
cookie
el helado
ice cream
el huevo
egg
el jamón
ham
la langosta
lobster
la lechuga
lettuce
la mantequilla
butter
la manzana
apple
los mariscos
shellfish
la naranja
orange
el pan
bread
el pan tostado
toast
la papa (frita)
(french fried) potato
el pastel
cake
la patata (frita)
(french fried) potatoe
el pavo
turkey
el pescado
fish
la pimienta
pepper
el pollo (asado)
(roast) chicken
el postre
dessert
el queso
cheese
la sal
salt
la salchicha
sausage; hot dog
la sopa
soup
las verduras
vegetables
la zanahoria
carrot
la banana
banana
la barbacoa
BBQ
el cereal
cereal
la ensalada
salad
la fruta
fruit
la hamburguesa
hamburger
el salmón
salmon
el sándwich
sandwich
el tomate
tomato
el yogur
yogurt
el agua (mineral)
(mineral) water
la cerveza
beer
el jugo (de fruita)
(fruit) juice
la leche
milk
el refresco
soft drink
el vino (blanco, tinto)
(white, red) wine
el té
tea
el café
coffee
el almuerzo
lunch
la cena
dinner, supper
las comidas
meals
el desayuno
breakfast
la merienda
snack
el camarero
waiter
la camarera
waitress
la cuenta
check, bill
el plato
dish; course
el plato principal
main course
el menú
menu
los platos
dishes
la ayuda
help
la cocina
cuisine
los comestibles
groceries, foodstuff
la comida
food; meal
el consejo
(piece of) advice
la dirección
address
el dueño
owner [male]
la dueña
owner [female]
la letra
(song) lyrics
el mandato
command
el nombre
name
la receta
recipe
la tarjeta de crédito
credit card
la bebida
drink
asado
roast(ed) [male]
asada
roast(ed) [female]
caliente
hot (temperature)
fresco
fresh [male]
fresca
fresh [female]
frito
fried [male]
frita
fried [female]
ligero
light, not heavy [male]
ligera
light, not heavy [female]
picante
hot, spicy
rico
tasty, savory, rich [male]
rica
tasty, savory; rich [female]
tostado
toasted [male]
tostada
toasted [female]
alguien
someone, anyone
algún (alguna / algunos / algunas)
some, any
jamás
never
nada
nothing, not anything
nadie
no one, nobody, not anybody
ningún (ninguna)
no, not any
tampoco
neither, not either
algo
something, anything
siempre
always
nunca
never
también
also
estar a dieta
to be on a diet
tener (mucha) hambre
to be (very) hungry
tener (mucha) sed
to be (very) thirsty
Command or Imperative:
-a verb form used to tell someone to do something.
Command or Imperative:
-a verb form used to tell someone to do something.
*
- me
- te
- lo
- la
- nos
- os
- los
- las
Direct Object Pronouns
*
- algo - nada
- alguien - nadie
- algún (alguna, algunos, algunas) - ningún (ninguna)
- siempre - nunca , jamás
- también - tampoco
Indefinite and Negative Words
*
- ar —> -e, -en
- er/-ir —> -a, -an
Formal Command Endings
*
to have just (done something)
acabar de + inf.
*
to help
ayudar
*
to have (eat) dinner, supper
cenar
*
to cook
cocinar
*
to know, be acquainted, familiar with; to meet
conocer (conozco)
*
to answer
contestar
*
to have (eat) breakfast
desayunar
*
to wait (for); to expect
esperar
*
to invite
invitar
*
to call
llamar
*
to have a snack
merendar (meriendo)
*
to ask ( a question )
preguntar
*
to prepare
preparar
*
to know
saber (sé)
*
to know how to (do something)
saber + inf.
Direct Object Pronouns:
- definition
*
oil
el aceite
*
rice
el arroz
*
green peas
las arvejas
*
tuna
el atún
*
sugar
el azúcar
*
steak
el bistec
*
shrimp
los camarones
*
meat
la carne
*
mushrooms
los champiñones
*
(pork) chop
la chuleta (de cerdo)
*
food
la comida
*
sweets; candy
los dulces
*
asparagus
los espárragos
*
(baked) custard
el flan
*
beans
los frijoles
*
cookie
la galleta
*
ice cream
el helado
*
egg
el huevo
*
ham
el jamón
*
lobster
la langosta
*
lettuce
la lechuga
*
butter
la mantequilla
*
apple
la manzana
*
shellfish
los mariscos
*
orange
la naranja
*
bread
el pan
*
toast
el pan tostado
*
(french fried) potato
la papa (frita)
*
cake
el pastel
*
(french fried) potatoe
la patata (frita)
*
turkey
el pavo
*
fish
el pescado
*
pepper
la pimienta
*
(roast) chicken
el pollo (asado)
*
dessert
el postre
*
cheese
el queso
*
salt
la sal
*
sausage; hot dog
la salchicha
*
soup
la sopa
*
vegetables
las verduras
*
carrot
la zanahoria
*
banana
la banana
*
BBQ
la barbacoa
*
cereal
el cereal
*
salad
la ensalada
*
fruit
la fruta
*
hamburger
la hamburguesa
*
salmon
el salmón
*
sandwich
el sándwich
*
tomato
el tomate
*
yogurt
el yogur
*
(mineral) water
el agua (mineral)
*
beer
la cerveza
*
(fruit) juice
el jugo (de fruita)
*
milk
la leche
*
soft drink
el refresco
*
(white, red) wine
el vino (blanco, tinto)
*
tea
el té
*
coffee
el café
*
lunch
el almuerzo
*
dinner, supper
la cena
*
meals
las comidas
*
breakfast
el desayuno
*
snack
la merienda
*
waiter
el camarero
*
waitress
la camarera
*
check, bill
la cuenta
*
dish; course
el plato
*
main course
el plato principal
*
menu
el menú
*
dishes
los platos
*
help
la ayuda
*
cuisine
la cocina
*
groceries, foodstuff
los comestibles
*
food; meal
la comida
*
(piece of) advice
el consejo
*
address
la dirección
*
owner [male]
el dueño
*
owner [female]
la dueña
*
(song) lyrics
la letra
*
command
el mandato
*
name
el nombre
*
recipe
la receta
*
credit card
la tarjeta de crédito
*
drink
la bebida
*
roast(ed) [male]
asado
*
roast(ed) [female]
asada
*
hot (temperature)
caliente
*
fresh [male]
fresco
*
fresh [female]
fresca
*
fried [male]
frito
*
fried [female]
frita
*
light, not heavy [male]
ligero
*
light, not heavy [female]
ligera
*
hot, spicy
picante
*
tasty, savory, rich [male]
rico
*
tasty, savory; rich [female]
rica
*
toasted [male]
tostado
*
toasted [female]
tostada
*
someone, anyone
alguien
*
some, any
algún (alguna / algunos / algunas)
*
never
jamás
*
nothing, not anything
nada
*
no one, nobody, not anybody
nadie
*
no, not any
ningún (ninguna)
*
neither, not either
tampoco
*
something, anything
algo
*
always
siempre
*
never
nunca
*
also
también
*
to be on a diet
estar a dieta
*
to be (very) hungry
tener (mucha) hambre
*
to be (very) thirsty
tener (mucha) sed
saber:
definition
forms
- to know (facts or information); to know how to (do something)
- sé
- sabes
- sabe
- sabemos
- sabéis
- saben
conocer:
definition
forms
- to know (a person); to meet (a person); to be acquainted, familiar with (a place or thing)
- conozco
- conoces
- conoce
- conocemos
- conocéis
- conocen
direct object
- a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb
- answers the question what? or whom?
When / how is the personal “a” used?
- “a” immediately precedes the direct object of a sentence when the direct object refers to a specific person or persons.
Formal Command Forms:
Ud.
Uds.
[hablar, comer, escribir, volver, poner]
ex:
hablar : Ud. hable : Uds. hablen
comer : Ud. coma : Uds. coman
escribir : Ud. escriba : Uds. escriban
volver : Uds. vuelva : Uds. vuelvan
poner : Ud. ponga : Uds. pongan
Formal Command Form Changes:
- ar: -o –> (Ud.) -e, (Uds.) -en
- er/-ir: -o –> (Ud.) -a, (Uds.) -an
- car –> qu
- gar –> gu
- zar –> c
Formal Command Form Changes:
- ar: -o –> (Ud.) -e, (Uds.) -en
- er/-ir: -o –> (Ud.) -a, (Uds.) -an
- car –> qu
- gar –> gu
- zar –> c
Irregular Froms of Formal Comand Form:
- verbs that have irregular yo forms in the present tense reflect the irregularity in the Ud./Uds. commands
- conocer: conozco –> (Ud.) conozca
- decir* (to say, tell) : digo –> (Ud.) diga
- hacer: hago –> (Ud.) haga
- oír: oigo –> (Ud.) oiga
- salir: salgo –> (Ud.) salga
- tener: tengo –> (Ud.) tenga
- traer: traigo –> (Ud.) traiga
- venir: veo –> (Ud.) vea
Irregular Froms of Formal Comand Form:
- verbs that have irregular yo forms in the present tense reflect the irregularity in the Ud./Uds. commands
- conocer: conozco –> (Ud.) conozca
- decir* (to say, tell) : digo –> (Ud.) diga
- hacer: hago –> (Ud.) haga
- oír: oigo –> (Ud.) oiga
- salir: salgo –> (Ud.) salga
- tener: tengo –> (Ud.) tenga
- traer: traigo –> (Ud.) traiga
- venir: veo –> (Ud.) vea
Irregular Formal Commands Form:
- a few verbs have irregular Ud./UUds. command forms
- dar* (to give) –> (Ud.) dé
- estar –> (Ud.) esté
- ir –> (Ud.) vaya
- saber –> (Ud.) sepa
- ser –> (Ud.) sea
Irregular Formal Commands Form:
- a few verbs have irregular Ud./UUds. command forms
- dar* (to give) –> (Ud.) dé
- estar –> (Ud.) esté
- ir –> (Ud.) vaya
- saber –> (Ud.) sepa
- ser –> (Ud.) sea
Position of Pronouns with Formal Commands:
- Direct Object Pronouns and reflexive pronouns must follow affirmative commands and be attached to them.
- to maintain the original stress of the verb form, an accent mark is added to the stressed vowel if the original command has two or more syllables.
ex:
Pídalo Ud. [Order it.]
Siéntese, por favpr/ Sit down, please.
Position of Pronouns with Formal Commands:
- Direct Object Pronouns and reflexive pronouns must follow affirmative commands and be attached to them.
- to maintain the original stress of the verb form, an accent mark is added to the stressed vowel if the original command has two or more syllables.
ex:
Pídalo Ud. [Order it.]
Siéntese, por favpr/ Sit down, please.
Position of Pronouns with Formal Commands:
Pronouns with Negative Commands
- Direct object and reflexive pronouns must precede the verb in negative command
ex:
No lo pida Ud. [Don’t order it.]
No se siente. [Don’t sot down.]
Position of Pronouns with Formal Commands:
Pronouns with Negative Commands
- Direct object and reflexive pronouns must precede the verb in negative command
ex:
No lo pida Ud. [Don’t order it.]
No se siente. [Don’t sot down.]
