Random Flashcards
What should you look at first when looking at EKG
Rate, rhythm, axis
If lead I is up and aVF is up, what is the axis
Normal
lead 1 up aVF down is what axis
Left axis deviation
If lead 1 is down and aVF is up what is the axis
Right axis deviation
What is lead 1 down and aVF down
Extreme right axis deviation
What is normal PR interval
<0.2
What is normal QRS
<0.12
What is normal QT
<0.45
What are the anterior leads
V1-4
What is responsible for supplying the anterior leads
LAD
What is responsible for supplying the inferior leads
RCA
What are the inferior leads
II, III, aVF
What are the lateral leads
I, V5, V6
What supplies the lateral leads
Circumflex A
What is another formula for CO
(Pa-Pv)/TPR
What is lusitropy
Speed of relaxation
How is lusitropy related to inotropy
Inverse
In hypovolemic shock, we don’t want to stimulate what response
Αdrenergic
What is normal mean arterial pressure
About 93
Pulse pressure is related to
Compliance
What does aortic stenosis cause in pulse pressure
Decrease b/c systolic pressure is decreased
Blocking serotonin receptors causes what
Vasodilation
What is the difference between active and reactive hyperemia
Reactive is due to an ischemic event being cleared
Active is normal through exercise or other means
What does β1 do systemically
- Increase HR
- increase contractility
- increase nodal conduction
- increase renin secretion
- increase lipolysis
What does α1 do systemically
- constricts blood vessels in skin
- constricts splanchnic
- constricts GI sphincters
- constricts bladder sphincters
What does β2 do systemically
- dilates skel musc vessels
- dilates bronchiole SM
- relaxes bladder wall
What causes renin secretion
Drop in BP or β1 activation
What is happening in an S3 in healthy individuals?
Mitral valve is opening and the large inflow of blood makes a sound when striking a compliant ventricle
What is S3 commonly called? S4?
Ventricular gallop; atrial kick
