Random Flashcards
Present DV
Most forces in the UK and USA now have ‘pro arrest’ policies to structure their discretion at DV calls
History of DV
Police should keep the family unit together. DV considered a private matter in which the police shouldn’t intervene. ‘Garbage work’. 50/60s there was no designated DV units, then parts of child abuse units started to look at it. DV for lower ranks with little chance of promotion
Minneapolis domestic violence experiment (Sherman and berk 1984)
(DV)
6 replications in diff cities: found arrest may be good, but not in all cases e.g. Men in employment conformed, but employed men violence escalated.
Randomly divided the police into 3 categories for misdemeanours: arrest, mediation, separation.
Arrest for DV doesn’t produce consistent deterrence.
Big movement towards arrest, but I’m reality it may not mean the same thing for everyone
What are MARACs?
Multi agency risk assessment conferences- for high risk victims to prevent DV homicide
Aim to close information gaps, make safety plans, reduce recidivism
14/20 ticks signals a MARAC
Who do MARACs include?
Police, women support units, social services, housing, health, probation, midwife social services, NSPCC, education, mental health, substance abuse etc
Risk factors in DV?
Perp exhibiting controlling Beh, stalking
Victims perceptions: afraid of being killed, afraid of further injury or violence, afraid for the children, very frightened, significant injuries, relationship separation, perp has previous criminal record
In 2012 what was the definition of DV changed to include?
Victims 16+ and ‘coercive’ controlling Beh
Two key factors of honour based violence?
Relative and collective
Number of incidences of violence against the person in the cardiff central sector 2007-8?
1687- roughly 1700
What did the violent crime reduction act 2006 include?
1 directions to leave a locality- if judged likely to contribute to alcohol related crime and disorder
2 alcohol disorder zones- allows licensing authorities to design an action plan to remedy alcohol related problems within a specified area
3 penalty notices for disorder (PND)- summary fines which police and accredited persons can use for a range of low level disorders (criminal justice and police act 2001)
What were the home office 2010’s 5 mandatory conditions?
NTE
1 free tap water, 2 age verification policies (think 25), 3 small measures, 4 ban on ‘irresponsible promotions’, 5 ban on pouring drink directly into the mouths of customers
3 categories of police corruption?
Misfeasance- legal duty done wrong (sleeping on surveillance)
Nonfeasance- failing to act
Malfeasance- doing a wrong act deliberately
Most common form of corruption?
Gratuities
Miller 2003’s study of 8 forces estimated what percentage of police staff were corrupt?
0.5 - 1%
What are INTERNAL strategies of controlling corruption?
1 reasonable standards of beh
2 consistency of policing operations
3 training, supervision and discipline of officers
What are EXTERNAL strategies for controlling corruption ?
Victoria said there are NONE?
1 special investigation (operation sacristy by NCA)
2 criminal prosecution (rare)
3 mobilising public opinion
4 citizen oversight of police (PCCs)?
What did Theresa May 2014 say of the current law on police corruption?
It relies too much on the outdated common law offence of misconduct in a public office. It is not ideal for modern policing and we need a new offence.
What percent of drug seizures 2012-13 were done by the border force, and local police forces?
Border force 3% (but a bigger quantity), local police forces 97%
What are the three strategies for policing drugs?
1 high level- (strike at source)- crop programmes etc, targeting farmers
2 low level- targeting drug dealers and those in possession- affects risk and price
3 non enforcement- informal disposal
How much of the supply of drugs does policing disrupt (at best)?
4-25%, but needs to disrupt 80% to see significant reductions.
What are the 4 elements of the CONTEST strategy?
Prevent, pursue, protect, prepare
What happens during PREVENT?
Earliest intervention, stop people becoming radicalised
Prevent strategy 2007 (NL):
1 challenge violent extremism ideology and support mainstream ideologies
2 disrupt those promoting violent extremism
3 support vulnerable individuals/ been recruited
4 increase resilience of communities to violent extremism
5 address the grievances which ideologies are exploiting
What is included in PURSUE?
Stop terrorist attacks by pursuing terrorists and detecting and investigating threats at the earliest stage, increasing covert detection, and investigation capability and capacity, tightening CT legislation
What is included in PROTECT?
Strengthen the protection against terrorist attack, protect UK infrastructure, strengthen UK border