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Question 0

Present DV

Answer 0

Most forces in the UK and USA now have ‘pro arrest’ policies to structure their discretion at DV calls

Question 1

History of DV

Answer 1

Police should keep the family unit together. DV considered a private matter in which the police shouldn’t intervene. ‘Garbage work’. 50/60s there was no designated DV units, then parts of child abuse units started to look at it. DV for lower ranks with little chance of promotion

Question 2

Minneapolis domestic violence experiment (Sherman and berk 1984)
(DV)

Answer 2

6 replications in diff cities: found arrest may be good, but not in all cases e.g. Men in employment conformed, but employed men violence escalated.
Randomly divided the police into 3 categories for misdemeanours: arrest, mediation, separation.
Arrest for DV doesn’t produce consistent deterrence.
Big movement towards arrest, but I’m reality it may not mean the same thing for everyone

Question 3

What are MARACs?

Answer 3

Multi agency risk assessment conferences- for high risk victims to prevent DV homicide
Aim to close information gaps, make safety plans, reduce recidivism
14/20 ticks signals a MARAC

Question 4

Who do MARACs include?

Answer 4

Police, women support units, social services, housing, health, probation, midwife social services, NSPCC, education, mental health, substance abuse etc

Question 5

Risk factors in DV?

Answer 5

Perp exhibiting controlling Beh, stalking
Victims perceptions: afraid of being killed, afraid of further injury or violence, afraid for the children, very frightened, significant injuries, relationship separation, perp has previous criminal record

Question 6

In 2012 what was the definition of DV changed to include?

Answer 6

Victims 16+ and ‘coercive’ controlling Beh

Question 7

Two key factors of honour based violence?

Answer 7

Relative and collective

Question 8

Number of incidences of violence against the person in the cardiff central sector 2007-8?

Answer 8

1687- roughly 1700

Question 9

What did the violent crime reduction act 2006 include?

Answer 9

1 directions to leave a locality- if judged likely to contribute to alcohol related crime and disorder
2 alcohol disorder zones- allows licensing authorities to design an action plan to remedy alcohol related problems within a specified area
3 penalty notices for disorder (PND)- summary fines which police and accredited persons can use for a range of low level disorders (criminal justice and police act 2001)

Question 10

What were the home office 2010’s 5 mandatory conditions?

NTE

Answer 10

1 free tap water, 2 age verification policies (think 25), 3 small measures, 4 ban on ‘irresponsible promotions’, 5 ban on pouring drink directly into the mouths of customers

Question 11

3 categories of police corruption?

Answer 11

Misfeasance- legal duty done wrong (sleeping on surveillance)
Nonfeasance- failing to act
Malfeasance- doing a wrong act deliberately

Question 12

Most common form of corruption?

Answer 12

Gratuities

Question 13

Miller 2003’s study of 8 forces estimated what percentage of police staff were corrupt?

Answer 13

0.5 - 1%

Question 14

What are INTERNAL strategies of controlling corruption?

Answer 14

1 reasonable standards of beh
2 consistency of policing operations
3 training, supervision and discipline of officers

Question 15

What are EXTERNAL strategies for controlling corruption ?

Answer 15

Victoria said there are NONE?

1 special investigation (operation sacristy by NCA)
2 criminal prosecution (rare)
3 mobilising public opinion
4 citizen oversight of police (PCCs)?

Question 16

What did Theresa May 2014 say of the current law on police corruption?

Answer 16

It relies too much on the outdated common law offence of misconduct in a public office. It is not ideal for modern policing and we need a new offence.

Question 17

What percent of drug seizures 2012-13 were done by the border force, and local police forces?

Answer 17

Border force 3% (but a bigger quantity), local police forces 97%

Question 18

What are the three strategies for policing drugs?

Answer 18

1 high level- (strike at source)- crop programmes etc, targeting farmers
2 low level- targeting drug dealers and those in possession- affects risk and price
3 non enforcement- informal disposal

Question 19

How much of the supply of drugs does policing disrupt (at best)?

Answer 19

4-25%, but needs to disrupt 80% to see significant reductions.

Question 20

What are the 4 elements of the CONTEST strategy?

Answer 20

Prevent, pursue, protect, prepare

Question 21

What happens during PREVENT?

Answer 21

Earliest intervention, stop people becoming radicalised
Prevent strategy 2007 (NL):
1 challenge violent extremism ideology and support mainstream ideologies
2 disrupt those promoting violent extremism
3 support vulnerable individuals/ been recruited
4 increase resilience of communities to violent extremism
5 address the grievances which ideologies are exploiting

Question 22

What is included in PURSUE?

Answer 22

Stop terrorist attacks by pursuing terrorists and detecting and investigating threats at the earliest stage, increasing covert detection, and investigation capability and capacity, tightening CT legislation

Question 23

What is included in PROTECT?

Answer 23

Strengthen the protection against terrorist attack, protect UK infrastructure, strengthen UK border

Question 24

What is included in PREPARE?

Answer 24

Prepare for the aftermath of a terrorist attack: train emergency services, increase capabilities of the police, enhance information and communication sharing.

Question 25

What did the Terrorism Act 2006 do?

Answer 25

Extended the list of offences from the Terrorist Act 2000 to include the use or threat of action which glorifies the commission or preparation of such offence

Question 26

4 elements of prevent policing?

Answer 26

1 protective
2 mobilisation
3 type 1 coproduction
4 type 2 coproduction

Question 27

Who investigates serious fraud corruption in the uk?

Answer 27

Serious fraud office

Question 28

What does the NCA/ SOCA deal with?

Answer 28

Organised, cyber and economic crime

Question 29

What does the financial conduct authority deal with? FCA

Answer 29

insider trading and money laundering

Question 30

Where does Levi estimate fraud occurs the most?

Answer 30

The public sector

Question 31

What is the focus of Newburn and Clarke 2003?

Answer 31

We create the SITUATIONAL opportunities for cyber enabled crime, but the predators can be anywhere

Question 32

What is Lessig 1999’s ‘digital realism’?

Answer 32

Idea technology is the most effective way of regulating
Disrupting human action
Technology is malleable
Pervasive technology
Rapidly adaptive
Preventative
Non-contentious

Question 33

According to the national high tech crime unit, what was the most prevalent type of cyber crime experienced by businesses in 2004?

Answer 33

Virus attacks

Question 34

What did the Council of Europe add?

Answer 34

Racist/ xenophobic acts to be criminalised online

Question 35

In 2007 a successful prosecution was brought against which godfather?

Answer 35

Terry Adams

Question 36

Conway black

Answer 36

On the night of April 21, 1970, Baltimore Police Officers Donald Sager and Stanley Sierakowski were shot by three assailants who fired at least eight rounds at the officers during their response to a domestic disturbance call. Officer Sager was killed and Officer Sierakowski was critically wounded.[1][2][3] Two men were arrested about an hour later near the scene of the first shooting by Officer James Welsh and Officer Roger Nolan, based on information Welsh and Nolan had received over the police radio.[3][4] Two pistols were found near the location where the two men were hiding. The police determined that these two men, Jackie Powell and Jack Ivory Johnson, knew members of the Baltimore Black Panther Party chapter or were affiliated with it.[5] Immediately subsequent to the contact with the two men, Officer Roger Nolan was involved in a brief foot chase with a black male as Nolan tried to make contact with the male. The black male then fired several shots at Nolan and escaped. Nolan stated that he had previously seen this man on his assigned beat and could recognize him, although he did not know his name.[3] Based on the affiliation of the two suspects with the Black Panther Party, Nolan was shown two photo line-ups of party members. In the first line-up, Nolan claimed that a picture of Conway, taken seven years earlier in 1963, resembled the shooter. In the second line-up, which used a current photograph of Conway, Nolan positively identified Conway as the individual that had shot at him.[3] Welsh also positively identified Conway as the individual that Nolan had chased. The next day, Conway was arrested while working at the Post Office. Following an investigation where the ballistics of both shootings were determined to be a match, Conway was charged with both the murder of Officer Sager and the attempted murders of Officers Sierakowski and Nolan. Conway was working during the time of the shooting and his supervisor at the Post Office verified his alibi, but this did not change his conviction.[3] One of the weapons found with Powell and Johnson was also matched through ballistics testing to the murder of Officer Sager
Said he was a political prisoner
Released march 4 2014 after an appellate court ruled that his jury had been given improper instructions, state prosecutors agreed to change his life sentence to time served and probation

Question 37

Conditions under the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Bill 2010? NTE

Answer 37

1 doubles the fine for persistent underage sales
2 enables councils to levy additional charges to contribute towards extra policing
3 system of temporary bans for ‘legal highs’

Question 38

What does nudge do? (Behavioural economics)

Answer 38

Encourages desirable behaviour through advertising

Question 39

What doesn’t work for policng NTE.

Answer 39

1 voluntary codes of practice for licensed premises and place-marketing for designated nightlife areas
2 single issue initiatives (dispersal/summary fines)
3 short term initiatives (targeting low level street disorder)
4 education campaigns targeting young adult drinkers

Question 40

What does work for policing NTE?

Answer 40

Traffic light system