Random Flashcards
What is the FAST scan for?
Looking for free fluid in the abdomen and thorax
Reddening and thickening of nipple and areola suggests what?
Paget’s disease of the breast
What things would suggest amyloidosis?
- Progressive weakness and SOB
- Loss of renal function
- Proteinuria
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Middle aged patient
What are causes of postural hypotension?
- Antihypertensive
- Excessive alcohol
- Hypovolaemia
- Parkinsons/Multiple system atrophy
- Diabetic neuropathy
What are management options for postural hypotension?
- Education, high salt diet, bed tilts
- Fludrocortisone/Midodrine
How do penicillin antibiotics work?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
How do bacteria build up resistance to penicillin antibiotics and what class of drugs can be added to these to help tackle this?
- Produce beta-lactamase
- Beta-lactamase inhibitors can be added
What are some reversible causes of dementia?
B12 deficiency, normal pressure hydrocephalus, hypoglycaemia, hypothyroidism
What are the signs of Alzheimers on CT?
- Cortical atrophy, ventricular enlargement, hippocampal atrophy
Risk factors for stress incontinence
- Pregnancy
- Childbirth
- Obesity
- Chronic constipation
- Post menopause
Non-drug management of stress incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises, stop smoking, weight loss, avoid caffeine
How does duloxetine help with urge incontinence?
SNRI, so inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline
(NA) at the synapse, meaning there is increased NA available, and this increases the tone of the internal urethral sphincter
What should be sent for all women with a suspected UTI with haematuria?
Urine MSU
Which antibodies are most useful for vit B12 deficiency?
Intrinsic factor antibodies
How to calculate risk ratio?
Incidence amongst exposed population / Incidence amongst non-exposed population
What is the medication of choice for anti-epileptic drugs in end of life?
Midazolam
Management of anti-freeze ingestion
Fomepizole
Which drugs can cause hyperkalaemia?
- NSAIDS
- ACE
- Potassium sparing diuretics
- LMWH
- Ciclosporin
- Beta blockers
Inheritance of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Autosomal dominant
What should be avoided in patients with possibility of basal skull fracture?
Nasopharyngeal airway -> use orophyaryngeal
What should not be done in ABCDE with patients with potential C spine instability?
head tilt-chin life -> do jaw thrust instead
When does secondary syphillis signs present?
Around 4-6 weeks after primary painless ulcer (chancre)
dry eyes and mouth, urinary retention, hyperthermia and tachycardia. Hypotension and altered consciousness
TCA overdose
Amiodarone monitoring?
TFTs and LFTs every 6 months