Cardiology Flashcards
central, pleuritic chest pain and fever 4 weeks following a myocardial infarction suggests what?
Dresslers - Pericarditis following MI
traumatic accident with respiratory distress, hypotension, jugular venous distension, and absent lung sounds suggests what?
Tension pneumothorax
A third heart sound is considered normal
in patients under what age?
<30 years old
What are the common causative organisms of infective endocarditis?
Most common/IVDU - Staph aureus
Those with poor dental hygiene/post dental proceudure - Strep viridans
Following prosthetic valve surgery - Staph epidermidis
Widened mediastinum on CXR with severe chest pain suggests what?
Aortic dissection
In ALS, if IV drugs cannot be given, how should they be given?
Intraosseous
What is the most specific ECG finding in acute pericarditis?
PR depression
Type A (ascending) vs Type B (descending) aortic dissection?
A - chest pain
B - upper back pain
tall R waves in leads V1-3 are a classic finding for what?
Posterior MI
What score should be used to assess the risk of bleeding when starting someone on anticoagulation in AF?
Orbit
What are reversible causes of cardiac arrest?
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hyperkalaemia, hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, acidaemia and other metabolic disorders
Hypothermia
Thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary)
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade – cardiac
Toxins
When should warfarin be stopped prior to surgery?
5 days before
What is the key diagnostic finding of aortic dissection on CT?
False lumen
What are C/I to thrombolysis?
active internal bleeding
recent haemorrhage, trauma or surgery (including dental extraction)
coagulation and bleeding disorders
intracranial neoplasm
stroke < 3 months
aortic dissection
recent head injury
severe hypertension
weak or absent carotid, brachial, or femoral pulse
variation in arm BP suggests what?
Aortic dissection
When can electrical cardioversion be considered for patients with AF?
If presenting within 48 hours
What medication should be stopped when patients are given a course of macrolides e.g. clarithromycin?
Statins
Thiazide-like diuretics should not be used in patients with what?
Gout
ST elevation and acute pulmonary oedema in a young patient with a recent flu-like illness suggests what?
Myocarditis
When should rhythm control be used for AF instead of rate control?
coexistent heart failure, first onset AF or an obvious reversible cause
Which medication can reduce hypoglycaemia awareness?
Beta blockers
Which medication can impair glucose tolerance?
Thiazides
Widespread ST elevation in V1-4 suggests what?
100% occlusion of the LAD
Erythromycin can cause which cardiac abnormality?
QT prolongation