random

Question 1

a manganese nodule is an example of what kind of sediment?

Answer 1

chemogenic (hydrogenous) sediment

Question 2

which type of sediment dissolves below the CCD?

Answer 2

calcareous oozes (biogenic sediment)

Question 3

name a process that can decrease the salinity of seawater?

Answer 3

precipitation or glacier melting (adding freshwater/pure water)

Question 4

mid ocean ridges are an example of this kind of plate boundary…

Answer 4

divergent plate boundary

Question 5

these ions acts as a buffer in the ocean, keeping seawater from beceoming too acidic or too basic

Answer 5

bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 6

in a bathymetry map, in what direction would a ridge be pointing?

Answer 6

downward or downhill

Question 7

the himalayas are a consequence of this kind of plate boundary?

Answer 7

continent continent convergent boundary

Question 8

which process ultimately destroys lithospheric material

Answer 8

subduction

Question 9

what is the following sediments sorting classification?
big and small stuff everywhere

Answer 9

poorly sorted

Question 10

when chalk (CaCO3) is exposed to acid (HCI), it fizzes. name two of the three products of this reaction

Answer 10

CO2, H20, CACl2

carbon dioxide, water, and calcium chloride

Question 11

if there were a rapid change in elevation on a bathymetric map, how would the contour be spaced?

Answer 11

really close together

Question 12

in what direction is the plate moving, given the following ages of volcanoes in the linear island chain?

Answer 12

moving southwest, plates move in the direction that the plates are getting older and older
- hotspots form first island towards the beginning, and the plates get as it ages

Question 13

in terms of latitude, where is the CCD the deepest?

Answer 13

warmer, less acidic water at lower latitudes (or near the equator)
- less carbon, so less probably for carbonic acid to form and make carbon material (CCD)

Question 14

at what latitudes are the highest amounts of surface water dissolved CO2 observed?

Answer 14

at high latitudes/the poles
CO2 solubility is higher in colder water

Question 15

why are the crests of mid ocean ridges higher than the surrounding seafloor?

Answer 15

they are younger and therefore warmer, and less dense
- as you create new land, it cools down new magma because of how it is its less dense
- going to rise high than the sides because of convection

Question 16

name one consequence of hydrogen bonding water

Answer 16

high latent heat
high heat capacity
high melting point
high boiling point
less dense as a solid

Question 17

a __ margin is typically located adjacent to a plate boundary

Answer 17

pacific/active margin

Question 18

what are the major chemical layers of the earth?

Answer 18

1. crust
2. mantle
3. outer core
4. core

Question 19

what are the major physical layers of the earth?

Answer 19

1. ocean
2. lithosphere
3. asthenosphere
4. mesosphere
5. outer core
6. inner core

Question 20

what type of rock typically composes oceanic crust?

Answer 20

basalt

Question 21

in a bathymetry map, contours connect lines of equal…

Answer 21

depth

Question 22

a floating object will displace its __ in fluid

Answer 22

weight

Question 23

what current is likely to cause coastal upwelling?

Answer 23

peru (humbholdt)

Question 24

why can red algae inhabit deep water environments?

Answer 24

they are better at absorbing blue. light, which penetrates deeper in the ocean than other wavelengths

Question 25

name an example of a limiting nutrient

Answer 25

phosphorus, nitrogen, silica

Question 26

name an example of macroplankton

Answer 26

krill, pteropods, gelatinous plankton (jellyfish)
- anything that drifts in the ocean that flows with the current

Question 27

periwinkle snails inhabit which tidal zone(s)?

Answer 27

splash zone to high tide zone

Question 28

what are the three trophic groups

Answer 28

producer (autotroph), consumer (heterotroph), and decomposer (saptrotroph)

Question 29

name two ways intertidal organisms have adapted to desiccation

Answer 29

1. suction on their feet
2. closing up into their shells
3. secreting mucus
4. moving to tidepools
5. gill chambers
6. large shell volume to hold water

Question 30

define euphotic, dysphotic, aphotic in terms of the amount of photosynthesis that occurs

Answer 30

euphotic - region from surface to critical depth where photosynthesis dominantes

dysphotic - photosynthesis no longer dominant but still takes place

aphotic - completely dark, no photosynthesis

Question 31

what purpose does a kelps pneumatocyst serve?

Answer 31

they are filled with gas and provide a boyant upward force to keep the kelp upright

Question 32

imagine you are a part of an ocean drilling expedition, you pick a site that has a low biolical productivity and is far from the edges of any continents, islands, or glaciers. what type of sediment do you expect to find at the seafloor?

Answer 32

avysssal clay

Question 33

how do mussels stay attached onto substrates?

Answer 33

via byssal threads

Question 34

what is the name of the wind pattern that drives equatorial currents?

Answer 34

trade winds

Question 35

what is the general name of the type of current that is near australia and goes south?

Answer 35

western boundary current

Question 36

name one example of phytoplankton, and one example of zooplankton

Answer 36

phyto = dinoflaggelates, coccolithophores, cyanobacteria, diatoms

zooplankton = copepods, krill

Question 37

at the subtropical regions, do we see upwelling or downwelling and why?

Answer 37

downwelling
the opposite flow of westerlies and trade winds induce converging ekman transport

Question 38

name both regions of deep water discussed in lab

Answer 38

AADW - anarctic deep water
NABW - north atlantic bottom water

Question 39

the net motion of water at a 90 degree angle to the prevailing wind direction is known as…

Answer 39

ekman transport

Question 40

what is the name of the region of rapid density change in the ocean?

Answer 40

pycnocline