random Flashcards
a manganese nodule is an example of what kind of sediment?
chemogenic (hydrogenous) sediment
which type of sediment dissolves below the CCD?
calcareous oozes (biogenic sediment)
name a process that can decrease the salinity of seawater?
precipitation or glacier melting (adding freshwater/pure water)
mid ocean ridges are an example of this kind of plate boundary…
divergent plate boundary
these ions acts as a buffer in the ocean, keeping seawater from beceoming too acidic or too basic
bicarbonate (HCO3)
in a bathymetry map, in what direction would a ridge be pointing?
downward or downhill
the himalayas are a consequence of this kind of plate boundary?
continent continent convergent boundary
which process ultimately destroys lithospheric material
subduction
what is the following sediments sorting classification?
big and small stuff everywhere
poorly sorted
when chalk (CaCO3) is exposed to acid (HCI), it fizzes. name two of the three products of this reaction
CO2, H20, CACl2
carbon dioxide, water, and calcium chloride
if there were a rapid change in elevation on a bathymetric map, how would the contour be spaced?
really close together
in what direction is the plate moving, given the following ages of volcanoes in the linear island chain?
moving southwest, plates move in the direction that the plates are getting older and older
- hotspots form first island towards the beginning, and the plates get as it ages
in terms of latitude, where is the CCD the deepest?
warmer, less acidic water at lower latitudes (or near the equator)
- less carbon, so less probably for carbonic acid to form and make carbon material (CCD)
at what latitudes are the highest amounts of surface water dissolved CO2 observed?
at high latitudes/the poles
CO2 solubility is higher in colder water
why are the crests of mid ocean ridges higher than the surrounding seafloor?
they are younger and therefore warmer, and less dense
- as you create new land, it cools down new magma because of how it is its less dense
- going to rise high than the sides because of convection
name one consequence of hydrogen bonding water
high latent heat
high heat capacity
high melting point
high boiling point
less dense as a solid
a __ margin is typically located adjacent to a plate boundary
pacific/active margin
what are the major chemical layers of the earth?
- crust
- mantle
- outer core
- core
what are the major physical layers of the earth?
- ocean
- lithosphere
- asthenosphere
- mesosphere
- outer core
- inner core
what type of rock typically composes oceanic crust?
basalt
in a bathymetry map, contours connect lines of equal…
depth
a floating object will displace its __ in fluid
weight
what current is likely to cause coastal upwelling?
peru (humbholdt)
why can red algae inhabit deep water environments?
they are better at absorbing blue. light, which penetrates deeper in the ocean than other wavelengths
name an example of a limiting nutrient
phosphorus, nitrogen, silica
name an example of macroplankton
krill, pteropods, gelatinous plankton (jellyfish)
- anything that drifts in the ocean that flows with the current
periwinkle snails inhabit which tidal zone(s)?
splash zone to high tide zone
what are the three trophic groups
producer (autotroph), consumer (heterotroph), and decomposer (saptrotroph)
name two ways intertidal organisms have adapted to desiccation
- suction on their feet
- closing up into their shells
- secreting mucus
- moving to tidepools
- gill chambers
- large shell volume to hold water
define euphotic, dysphotic, aphotic in terms of the amount of photosynthesis that occurs
euphotic - region from surface to critical depth where photosynthesis dominantes
dysphotic - photosynthesis no longer dominant but still takes place
aphotic - completely dark, no photosynthesis
what purpose does a kelps pneumatocyst serve?
they are filled with gas and provide a boyant upward force to keep the kelp upright
imagine you are a part of an ocean drilling expedition, you pick a site that has a low biolical productivity and is far from the edges of any continents, islands, or glaciers. what type of sediment do you expect to find at the seafloor?
avysssal clay
how do mussels stay attached onto substrates?
via byssal threads
what is the name of the wind pattern that drives equatorial currents?
trade winds
what is the general name of the type of current that is near australia and goes south?
western boundary current
name one example of phytoplankton, and one example of zooplankton
phyto = dinoflaggelates, coccolithophores, cyanobacteria, diatoms
zooplankton = copepods, krill
at the subtropical regions, do we see upwelling or downwelling and why?
downwelling
the opposite flow of westerlies and trade winds induce converging ekman transport
name both regions of deep water discussed in lab
AADW - anarctic deep water
NABW - north atlantic bottom water
the net motion of water at a 90 degree angle to the prevailing wind direction is known as…
ekman transport
what is the name of the region of rapid density change in the ocean?
pycnocline
