random

Question 1

hcg is secreted by

Answer 1

syncytiotrophoblast

Question 2

Where is testosterone secreted m

Answer 2

Leydig cells

Question 3

Where is testosterone secreted f

Answer 3

Thecal cells/adrenals

Question 4

Where is progesterone secreted m

Answer 4

Adrenals

Question 5

Where is progesterone secreted f

Answer 5

Syncytiotrophoblasts, corpus luteum

Question 6

Where is oestrogen secreted f

Answer 6

Granulosa cells

Question 7

What is GnRH? Where secreted

Answer 7

Gonadotrophic release hormone
Secreted in hypothalamus

Question 8

What does gnrh do where released, where act?

Answer 8

Goes from hypothalamus to pituitary-> secretion of lh and fsh

Question 9

Where does spermatogenesis take place

Answer 9

Seminiferous tubules

Question 10

What is the most active form of testosterone

Answer 10

5dht

Question 11

Why do Sertoli cells release ABP

Answer 11

Androgen bonding protein. Binds testosterone and releases it slowly

Also makes it less lipophilic so it doesn’t leak out as easily

Question 12

What happens when fsh reaches Sertoli cells

Answer 12

More androgen receptors expressed

Question 13

What is the hormone that provides the negative feedback in men when testosterone etc get too high

Answer 13

Inhibin

Question 14

how long after delivery until uterus is no longer palpable

Answer 14

9 days

Question 15

3 ways uterus retyrns to normal

Answer 15

ischemia (reduced blood supply), autolysis, phagocytosis

Question 16

what lochias are there

Answer 16

rubra 3-4 days red
serosa 4-12 days brown
alba 12da-3w

Question 17

what stops milk during preg

Answer 17

progesterone and oestrogen high levels

Question 18

what makes mother insulin resistant so glucose goes to the baby

Answer 18

hpl

Question 19

cells whih produce milk

Answer 19

alveoli

Question 20

what

Question 21

where is colostrum stored

Answer 21

breast sinuses

Question 22

prolactin produced in

Answer 22

anterior pituitary

Question 23

oxytocin prodused in

Answer 23

posterior pituitary

Question 24

suckling stimullates

Answer 24

prolactin and oxytocin -> milk manufacture and ejection - postivie feedback

Question 25

ejection of milk is called

Answer 25

galactokinesis

Question 26

what is preterm

Answer 26

anything up to 36+6

Question 27

who do you plot on the preterm chart

Answer 27

only preterm babies

Question 28

what is used as "term"

Answer 28

40 weeks

Question 29

what do you gestationally correct to

Answer 29

40 weeks

Question 30

if a child is born at 35 weeks, how do you adjust

Answer 30

5 weeks backwards,

Question 31

when does growth hormone kick in

Answer 31

about 6 y

Question 32

what is andrenarche

Answer 32

increase in androgen production 6-10yo

Question 33

what is pubic hair start

Answer 33

pubarche

Question 34

what is breast budding

Answer 34

thelarche

Question 35

what probably starts puberty

Answer 35

leptin

Question 36

when can you pause puberty

Answer 36

tanner stage 2

Question 37

when does puberty become irreversible

Answer 37

Tanner stage 3

Question 38

when would you want to pause puberty

Answer 38

precocious puberty

Question 39

what Tanner stage is sexual maturity

Answer 39

5

Question 40

what is McCune Albright syndrome

Answer 40

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, pigmentation, precocious puberty

Question 41

what merits global devtl delay

Answer 41

2 x milestones in defferent categories not met

Question 42

what are 2 big motor milestones

Answer 42

walk at 18mo pincer grip at 9/10mo (by one year)

Question 43

3 reasons delayed puberty

Answer 43

genetic Klinefelters or Turner's XO nutrition constitutional (healthy short back to legs ratio)

Question 44

WHEN DOES MYELINATION HAPPEN

Answer 44

first two years

Question 45

what does cerebellum do for babies

Answer 45

co-ordination. cerebellar programmed activities

Question 46

how much brain mass developed by age of 2

Answer 46

75%

Question 47

when in pregnancy is stress most teratogenic

Answer 47

2 mo

Question 48

what is doctor word for squint

Answer 48

strabismus

Question 49

which nerve usually affected in strabismus

Answer 49

vi (lateral rectus)

Question 50

when does rooting reflex integrate

Answer 50

3-4 months as vision improves

Question 51

what is moro reflex

Answer 51

startle - let go of baby arms flail out

Question 52

when does stepping reflex go

Answer 52

6 wks

Question 53

what is persistence of primitive reflex indicative of

Answer 53

pathology

Question 54

what is the prochordal plate

Answer 54

future site of the mouth. fusion of epiblast and hypoblast

Question 55

which is the caudal end of this embryo

Answer 55

the streak end

Question 56

spina bifida

Answer 56

posterior neuropore day 27 x

Question 57

anterior neuropore x closure

Answer 57

anencephaly

Question 58

What does the lumen of the neural tube give rise to?

Answer 58

ventricles of brain and sc

Question 59

Which brain vesicle contributes to the cerebral aqueduct

Answer 59

Mesencephalon

Question 60

primary chorionic villi?

Answer 60

protrude into lacunae, non-vasc

Question 61

2ary chorionic villii

Answer 61

have loose connective tissue, still non-vasc

Question 62

3ary chorionic villi

Answer 62

vascularised

Question 63

what is the telomere seq

Answer 63

TTA GGG

Question 64

why do cells enter senescence

Answer 64

telomeres too short

Question 65

what is the Hayflick limit

Answer 65

no of passes a cell will replicate b4 entering senescence. linked to telomere length

Question 66

what enzyme keeps the telomeres

Answer 66

telomerase

Question 67

hallmarks of ageing

Answer 67

Question 68

antioxidants

Answer 68

bilirubin, enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, dietary

Question 69

what protein alzheimer's

Answer 69

beta amyloid

Question 70

what leads to collagen lining up properly

Answer 70

glucose is glycosylated and attached funny to the layers, lining them up badly

Question 71

what is the most proven way to achieve lengevity

Answer 71

caloric restriction

Question 72

why are epigenetics useful therapeutucallu

Answer 72

reversible eg methyl grps can be added or taken off

Question 73

CpG islands

Answer 73

at promoter regions in genes

Question 74

stem cells can divide indefinitely Y/N

Answer 74

Y

Question 75

characteristics of sembryonic stem cells

Answer 75

Oct4 Nanog markers, clonal (no telomrere shortening), immortal

Question 76

what is directed differentiation

Answer 76

try to make stem cell into specialised cells by replicating the body functions to make this happen

Question 77

iPS cells

Answer 77

take differentiated cell such as skin cell, add different genes, cells de-differentiate - induced pluripotent stemcells

Question 78

genes in iPS are no longer reintroduced by viruses, how are they?

Answer 78

mRNA

Question 79

what do you do with iPS

Answer 79

differentiate it into a desired cell type such as pigmented retinal epithelium

Question 80

what are organoids

Answer 80

mini organs made in the lab for study

Question 81

adult stem cell

Answer 81

multipotent eg haemapoietic cells

Question 82

What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus?

Answer 82

umbilical vein

Question 83

what are 5 regions of primitive heart tube

Answer 83

truncus arteriosus - proximal aorta and pulm artery primitive ventricle - left ventr primitive atrium - l and r atria bulbus cordis - ventricular outflow tracts and r ventr sinus venosus - smooth part of r atrium and coronary sinus

Question 84

which CN arch 1,2,3,4

Answer 84

5,7,9,10