embryology Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

what does neural crest form

A

melanocytes, pns glia, sensory neurons, teeth, connective tissue, adrenal medulla

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3
Q

spina bifida is caused by

A

neural tube doesn’t close at the bottom

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4
Q

what happens when neural tube doesn’t close anteriorly

A

anancephaly

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5
Q

what are formed in week 4

A

branchial arches

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6
Q

what causes cleft palate

A

failure of palatal shelves to fuse

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7
Q

what cuases cleft lip

A

failure of maxilla to fuse with medial nasal prominence

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8
Q

when does heart start pumping blood

A

day 22

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9
Q

atrioseptal defect

A

patent formane ovale

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10
Q

ventriculoseptal defect

A

most common defect

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11
Q

what is transposition of teh great vessels

A

aorta comes of right ventricle and pulm trunk comes off lv. blood just goes roudn the body and is never oxygenated because ivc and svc drain back into the right

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12
Q

tetralogy of fallot 4 signs

A

hypertrophic right ventricle
massive aorta
tiny pulmonary trunk
ventriculoseptal sefect

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13
Q

which stomach wall becomes anterior

A

left

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14
Q

which vagus innervates posterior stomah

A

right

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15
Q

vollvulus

A

necrotic twisty guts

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16
Q

omphalocele

A

guts don’t go back in but are protected by membrane

17
Q

gastroschisis

A

guts fall out on rhs of umbilicus. have to be protected by plastic bag until are resorbed

18
Q

percentage of livebirths with congenital defects

19
Q

what does infant mortality mean

A

death in 1st year of life

20
Q

rate of heart defects

21
Q

what does roaccutan do

A

kill neural crest cells

22
Q

epilepsy drugs teratogen

A

phenytoin sodium valproate

23
Q

why have some congenital birth defects increased

A

older prima gravida, teenage preg

24
Q

how much folic acid

A

400ug 3 months prior to pregnancy, 5 mg for high risk preg

25
what is folic acid for
making purines - DNA
26
how does vitamin d help pregnancy
increase ca absroption in the mother, inhibits prematurity
27
when is embryonic - fetal
8 wks
28
what is the doctor word for birth
parturition
29
what is talipes equinovarus
club foor
30
what is hypospadias
urethral tract is not closed properly
31
what is cryptorchidism
undescended testis 1-4%
32
what is holoprosencephaly - cause
midline structures are lost - no corpus callosum - fas
33
what is 3 days after fertilization ball of cells called
morula
34
what is situs inversus
all organs on the wrong sides
35
what is nuchal translucency test
increased gap above back/neck ligament
36
what is high and low AFP, Estriol, hCG, Inhibin A in aneupliodies
37
what is nipt test
non invasive prenatal test. looks for aneuploidies
38
what is a marker of pre-eclampsia
proteinuria
39
what is hydatiform mole
nucleus-less oocyte is fertilized, only placenta forms