embryology

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

what does neural crest form

Answer 2

melanocytes, pns glia, sensory neurons, teeth, connective tissue, adrenal medulla

Question 3

spina bifida is caused by

Answer 3

neural tube doesn’t close at the bottom

Question 4

what happens when neural tube doesn’t close anteriorly

Answer 4

anancephaly

Question 5

what are formed in week 4

Answer 5

branchial arches

Question 6

what causes cleft palate

Answer 6

failure of palatal shelves to fuse

Question 7

what cuases cleft lip

Answer 7

failure of maxilla to fuse with medial nasal prominence

Question 8

when does heart start pumping blood

Answer 8

day 22

Question 9

atrioseptal defect

Answer 9

patent formane ovale

Question 10

ventriculoseptal defect

Answer 10

most common defect

Question 11

what is transposition of teh great vessels

Answer 11

aorta comes of right ventricle and pulm trunk comes off lv. blood just goes roudn the body and is never oxygenated because ivc and svc drain back into the right

Question 12

tetralogy of fallot 4 signs

Answer 12

hypertrophic right ventricle
massive aorta
tiny pulmonary trunk
ventriculoseptal sefect

Question 13

which stomach wall becomes anterior

Answer 13

left

Question 14

which vagus innervates posterior stomah

Answer 14

right

Question 15

vollvulus

Answer 15

necrotic twisty guts

Question 16

omphalocele

Answer 16

guts don’t go back in but are protected by membrane

Question 17

gastroschisis

Answer 17

guts fall out on rhs of umbilicus. have to be protected by plastic bag until are resorbed

Question 18

percentage of livebirths with congenital defects

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

what does infant mortality mean

Answer 19

death in 1st year of life

Question 20

rate of heart defects

Answer 20

1%

Question 21

what does roaccutan do

Answer 21

kill neural crest cells

Question 22

epilepsy drugs teratogen

Answer 22

phenytoin sodium valproate

Question 23

why have some congenital birth defects increased

Answer 23

older prima gravida, teenage preg

Question 24

how much folic acid

Answer 24

400ug 3 months prior to pregnancy, 5 mg for high risk preg

Question 25

what is folic acid for

Answer 25

making purines - DNA

Question 26

how does vitamin d help pregnancy

Answer 26

increase ca absroption in the mother, inhibits prematurity

Question 27

when is embryonic - fetal

Answer 27

8 wks

Question 28

what is the doctor word for birth

Answer 28

parturition

Question 29

what is talipes equinovarus

Answer 29

club foor

Question 30

what is hypospadias

Answer 30

urethral tract is not closed properly

Question 31

what is cryptorchidism

Answer 31

undescended testis 1-4%

Question 32

what is holoprosencephaly - cause

Answer 32

midline structures are lost - no corpus callosum - fas

Question 33

what is 3 days after fertilization ball of cells called

Answer 33

morula

Question 34

what is situs inversus

Answer 34

all organs on the wrong sides

Question 35

what is nuchal translucency test

Answer 35

increased gap above back/neck ligament

Question 36

what is high and low AFP, Estriol, hCG, Inhibin A in aneupliodies

Answer 36

Question 37

what is nipt test

Answer 37

non invasive prenatal test. looks for aneuploidies

Question 38

what is a marker of pre-eclampsia

Answer 38

proteinuria

Question 39

what is hydatiform mole

Answer 39

nucleus-less oocyte is fertilized, only placenta forms