Ragan Flashcards
__________ is rapidly changing exchanges of information, linkages of societies and economies. Citizens benefit in the form of access to wider variety of goods and services, lower prices, and more/better paying jobs, improved health, and higher living standards.
globalization
Since the population is growing so fast and we are able to travel among different areas so readily, what is the effect on disease potential and spread?
increases
what are 3 environmental trends that are affecting vet med?
- climate change – desertification
- resources diminishing – water and arable land
- disease emergence in new areas
____________ affects animals by expanding disease vectors, promoting habitat changes of vector predators such as birds, bats, and large insects, and causing increased natural disasters.
climate change
What is growing population expanding the need for?
food
Can we simply increase livestock production to compensate for a growing human population? If not, what can you do?
no – it does not simply improve carcass yield. It increases cost to feed these animals, space needed for the animals to live, welfare concerns due to overcrowding, management requirements, and environmental concerns.
increasing yield is the better alternative! Increase the health, productivity, and efficiency.
How do economic power shifts affect vet med?
More discretionary income and demand for animal products.
New animal industries are being developed
Companion animal practice is growing
all of which lead to increased demand for vet med
How does conflict and terrorism affect vet med?
failed and/or failing states result in failed animal and public health infrastructures. refugee movement occurs, & since management is not of primary concern, disease spreads.
What are the components of animal health framework? (6)
- people on front line of animal production unit, habitat, or owners.
- veterinarians and other professional advice and care for health-related issues
- federal, state, and local animal health and public health agencies
- international collaborations among agencies, organizations, and governments (WOAH, FAOUN)
- supporting institutions, industries, and organizations (vet schools, nsaphv, FBI, etc.)
- integrated diagnostic lab system
What is the role of a state veterinarian?
- disease eradication
- animal health
- emergency preparedness, response, and recovery
- emerging diseases
- food safety
- public health
- animal welfare
- coordinate with USDA APHIS vet services to implement national animal health programs
- communicate to public and others on animal health issues
- establish and maintain relationships with key state legislators
- determine import requirements for animals coming into their state*****
A ____________ serves as a subject matter expert in zoonotic disease, conducts zoonotic disease surveillance, consults and works with other state agencies with animal health focus, and assists with public information and media requests.
state public health veterinarian
What is the field operations unit responsible for?
domestic program diseases (brucellosis, TB, pseudorabies, others)
transboundary diseases
emergency response efforts
what is the strategy and policy unit responsible for?
Trade
movement of animals and animal products into and out of the US
select-agent work (anthrax)
center for epidemiology and animal health
what is the diagnostics and biologics unit responsible for?
center for veterinary biologics – vxn approval
national vet services labratories – Dg test approval
___________ work internationally to preclear animals for entry into the US and on other agriculture related issues.
USDA veterinarians
What are the responsibilities regarding foreign animal disease?
- prevent entry of exotic disease from foreign country
- respond rapidly and effectively to control or eradicate such diseases if they do get into the US
What are the USDA and FSIS responsible for?
- protects consumer by ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products are safe, wholesome, and accurately labeled.
- prevent diseased animals from entering food supply
- examine carcasses for pathology and defects
- inspect products through processing, handling, and packaging
- prevent use of food as weapon (food security)
Who is responsible for the following:
1. ensuring safety, efficacy, and security of human and vet drugs, biological products, and medical services
2. ensuring safety of our nations food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation
3. regulate animal feed
FDA
Who is responsible for the following:
1. ensure transparency in global animal disease situations
2. collect, analyze, and disseminate veterinary information
3. encourage international solidarity in the control animal diseases
4. safeguard world trade by publishing health standards for international trade in animals and animal products
5. improve legal framework and resources of national vet services
6. provide better guarantee of food of animal origin and promote animal welfare through science-based approach
WHOA
T/F: the WHOA writes laws about international trade of animals and animal byproducts in order to protect countries from foreign animal disease
false – they do NOT write laws. they are a STANDARD setting body.
Who do you contact when a client wants to ship their dog internationally?
APHIS
Who do you contact when your client wants to send their dog to FL?
state FL vet
who do you contact when your client whats to import sheep from New Zealand?
APHIS
If you see vesicles on the feet of a cow, who do you call?
State vet and APHIS
If your client brings in a cat that is suspected to have rabies, who do you call?
state vet and/or public health vet
if your client is considering visiting a farm in thailand and they are asking you if there is FMD present in thailand, who can you call to find the answer?
WHOA and look online.
_________ is a set of ideas, or a plan of what to do in particular situations, that has been agreed officially by a group people, business organization, government, or political party.
policy
“I will always eat lunch at work no matter how busy I am” is an example of what type of policy?
personal policy
“On fridays, you can wear casual clothes to work instead of scrubs.” is an example of what type of policy?
clinic/workplace policy
__________ is a government policy that affects the whole population and the fundamental basis of it is LAW.
public policy
T/F: you cannot write public policies without lawful basis
true
T/F: public policies remain constant no matter who is in charge because they are based on foundational laws.
false – they change depending on who is in charge.
_________ are activities that relate to influencing the actions and policies of a government or getting and keeping power in a government.
politics
What is the reality behind policy decisions?
Policy decisions are influenced heavily by politicians that may have misinformation due to their interpretation without any or accurate scientific information.
Most politicians are not scientist, etc. so they do no approach problems with the same analytical techniques used by scientists.
T/F: if the scientific and technological community is not involved in public policy, policy will depend mostly on non-scientific input and public opinion.
true
What is the primary goal of a scientist?
systematic search for reliable and accurate understanding of the world
Practical response to particular public policy issue is the primary goal of who?
public policy makers
What is described as: systematic, inherently based on skepticism, advanced through consensus, and driven by data and discovery?
science
What is described as: ad hoc, adversarial, dependent on compromise, and driven by personal and constituent concerns?
public policy
T/F: policy decisions dont always agree with scientific consensus
true
The AVMA professional policies provide guidance on …
the practice of veterinary medicine
ex. policy on ear cropping in dogs
_________ policies are adopted by other groups and supported by the AVMA
endorsed
__________ policies are primarily internal and direct the operation of the association. Ex. board of directors manual.
administrative
T/F: members are encouraged to voluntarily adhere to AVMA policies impacting the practice of veterinary medicine. these policies are not and do not supersede law or regulation.
true
Violation of AVMA principles of veterinary medical ethics may result in …
disciplinary action by the AVMA
The __________ is a part of FDAs overall strategy to ensure the judicious use of medically important antimicrobials in food animals.
FDA veterinary feed directive
T/F: members of congress want to hear from you as a veterinarian – they want to know what the impact of a bill will have on their district and state, your reason for supporting or opposing a bill/issue, and a personal story that relates to the bill/issue
true
