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Radiological Technology > Radiotion Physics CH1-4 > Flashcards

Radiotion Physics CH1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Physics

A

Relationship between energy, matter and force interations.

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2
Q

Radiological Physics

A

Study of nature and origin of x rays.

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3
Q

Medical Physics

A

Application of physics to medicine ex medical imaging and radiotherapy

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4
Q

___Created atomic structure we still use.

A

Bohr

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5
Q

7 Units of measurement

A

Length, mass, time, area, volume, velocity, temp

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6
Q

Mega

A

1,000,000

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7
Q

Kilo

A

1000

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8
Q

Hecto

A

100

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9
Q

Deca

A

10

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10
Q

Base

A

0

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11
Q

Deci

A

0.1

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12
Q

Centi

A

0.01

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13
Q

Milli

A

0.001

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14
Q

MKS System

A

M=Meter(length), K=Kilogram(mass), S=Seconds(time)

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15
Q

Atom

A

smallest particle into which matter can be divided while still maintain its unique properties.

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16
Q

Atom Particles

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons.

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17
Q

Atomic # (z)

A

of protons

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18
Q

Atomic Mass #

A

protons and Neutrons combined

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19
Q

Basic structures of matter

A

Chemical element, Molecules, Compound, Isotopes.

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20
Q

Hydrogen’s isotope?

A

Deuterium

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21
Q

Matter comes in 3 forms:

A

Solids, liquids, gas

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22
Q

Valence Shell

A

Outer shell of an atom, it determines chemical reactivity and the # of electrons determines position on the table.

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23
Q

Rule of Octect

A

Outer shell will hold up to 8 electrons.

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24
Q

Electron Volt

A

The binding energy of an electron is measured in eV.

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25
Q

1 keV is equal to

A

1000 electron volts

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26
Q

Can only occupy the shells of energy designated by different letters of the alphabet:

A

Electrons

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27
Q

Occupancy Factor

A

2n^2

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28
Q

Valence #

A

of electrons in a valence

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29
Q

KLMNOPQ

A

1234567

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30
Q

Ionized

A

an atom loses of gains an electron

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31
Q

Ionization

A

process of + or - electrons

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32
Q

Cation

A

electron removed more positive

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33
Q

Anion

A

an added electron becomes more negative

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34
Q

Ion

A

Charged atom

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35
Q

A body at rest or in uniform motion nremains in the same state unless force is applied

A

Newtons 1st law of motion

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36
Q

Force

A

Push or pull of an object.

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37
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

Newton

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38
Q

What is the unit for electromotive force?

A

Volatge

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39
Q

Mechanical energy 2 types:

A

Potential and Kinetic

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40
Q

Potential energy

A

stored energy/inertia

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41
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

42
Q

Definition of energy

A

the ability to do work

43
Q

Work

A

application of force over distance

44
Q

Force x Distance =

A

Work

45
Q

Unit used for energy is?

A

joule (j) or erg

46
Q

Energy emitted and transferred through matter is called:

A

Radiation

47
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Is released through chemical changes in the atoms and or molecules.

48
Q

Thermal energy

A

aka heat results of atoms in motion.

49
Q

Nuclear energy

A

energy released from radionuclides.

50
Q

Different types of energy?

A

Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, and Nuclear

51
Q

Law of Conservation

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but changed into other forms of energy.

52
Q

Laws of electricity

A

Unlike charges attract and like repel, only neg charges move in a conductor, electric charges reside on conductor surface.

53
Q

Electrification

A

Results from deficiency or excess amount of electrons that move from one object to another.

54
Q

Elecricity

A

Flow of electrons around a ciruit.

55
Q

DC current:

A

Electrons move in the same way.

56
Q

AC current:

A

move in rythe from + to -

57
Q

AC current: Pulse

A

a change in polarity

58
Q

AC current: Cycle

A

2 pulses

59
Q

AC current: frequency

A

of cycles

60
Q

Current (I):

A

flow of electrons

61
Q

Amperes (A)

A

measurement for current,

62
Q

Electromotive Force (EMF)

A

Force pushing electrons

63
Q

Volts (V)

A

measurement for EMF

64
Q

Circuits:

A

Flow from pos to neg

65
Q

Resistance (R)

A

Using or resisting energy, measured in ohm.

66
Q

OHM’s Law

A

V=IR, is the basic principle of all circuits.

67
Q

Watt (W)

A

unit for electrical power, work over a given amount of time. W=AxV
Ampsxvolts

68
Q

OHM

A

amount of resistance overcome by one volt to cause one amp to flow

69
Q

Electical charges are measured in:

A

Coulombs C

70
Q

Electical charges flow from:

A

neg to pos

71
Q

Electical charges are affected by

A

Conducting material, conductor length, diameter of conducting material, and conductor temp.

72
Q

Magnetism:

A

ability of a substance to attract iron or iron like substances

73
Q

Electomagnetism:

A

an electric current will always produce a magnetic field.

74
Q

Magnetic field is created by:

A

electric current passing through wire.

75
Q

Cause for a weaker magnetic field:

A

Straight wire, when wire is wrapped around a core of wire strength increases.

76
Q

Self induction

A

AKA autotransformer; created its own magnetic field.

77
Q

Electomagnetic:

A

Materials strongly attracted to magnet or Ferromagnetic

78
Q

Materials weakly attracted are:

A

Paramagnetic

79
Q

Materials not attracted are:

A

Diamagnetic

80
Q

Radiation:

A

energy traveling through space.

81
Q

Non-ionizing radiation:

A

waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at speed of light.

82
Q

Ionizing Radiation:

A

any magnetic or particulate radiation capable of causing bio harm.

83
Q

2 ionizing types:

A

Particulate and electromagnetic; they are mainly xrays and gama with a potential to cause harm

84
Q

Particulate:

A

Subatomic particles with mass (alpha and beta)

85
Q

Frquency:

A

Cycles per second

86
Q

Amplitude:

A

height from peak to valley

87
Q

Wavelength:

A

Distance from one crest to the next.

88
Q

Trough:

A

dip low point on a wavelength

89
Q

Photons:

A

bundle of electromagnetic radiation

90
Q

X-rays in a diagnostic tube are:

A

Polyenergetic, heterogenous, polychromatic

91
Q

3 spectrum quantities:

A

energy, frequency and wavelength

92
Q

The longer the wavelength the ____ the ____ and less energy; therefore non-ionizing.

A

Shorter amplitude

93
Q

Speed of light:

A

186,000 miles per second

94
Q

Xrays travel at:

A

speed of light

95
Q

Inverse relationship

A

As the intensity behind the wave of energy increases the wavelength of energy decreases.

96
Q

Brems (aka Characteristic)

A

Breaking radiation, when sudden deceleration of electrons cause it to release all or some of its energy & forms radiation. Requires source and target.

97
Q

Alpha

A

low energy easily shielded, cannot penetrate skin and paper.

98
Q

Beta

A

high speed electrons ejected from nucleus, potentiall to lose energy in from of x rays upon rapid deceleration. (Brems radiation)

99
Q

x-rays

A

photons emitted from electron orbit, when an excited orbital electron “falls” back to lower energy level.

100
Q

Gamma

A

photon emitted from nucleus, often part of radioactive decay. Higher energy.

101
Q

Diodes are normally made of:

A

silicone

102
Q

Inverse square law

A

I1/I2=D1^2/D2^2

Radiological Technology (9 decks)

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