Radiotion Physics CH1-4 Flashcards
1
Q
Physics
A
Relationship between energy, matter and force interations.
2
Q
Radiological Physics
A
Study of nature and origin of x rays.
3
Q
Medical Physics
A
Application of physics to medicine ex medical imaging and radiotherapy
4
Q
___Created atomic structure we still use.
A
Bohr
5
Q
7 Units of measurement
A
Length, mass, time, area, volume, velocity, temp
6
Q
Mega
A
1,000,000
7
Q
Kilo
A
1000
8
Q
Hecto
A
100
9
Q
Deca
A
10
10
Q
Base
A
0
11
Q
Deci
A
0.1
12
Q
Centi
A
0.01
13
Q
Milli
A
0.001
14
Q
MKS System
A
M=Meter(length), K=Kilogram(mass), S=Seconds(time)
15
Q
Atom
A
smallest particle into which matter can be divided while still maintain its unique properties.
16
Q
Atom Particles
A
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons.
17
Q
Atomic # (z)
A
of protons
18
Q
Atomic Mass #
A
protons and Neutrons combined
19
Q
Basic structures of matter
A
Chemical element, Molecules, Compound, Isotopes.
20
Q
Hydrogen’s isotope?
A
Deuterium
21
Q
Matter comes in 3 forms:
A
Solids, liquids, gas
22
Q
Valence Shell
A
Outer shell of an atom, it determines chemical reactivity and the # of electrons determines position on the table.
23
Q
Rule of Octect
A
Outer shell will hold up to 8 electrons.
24
Q
Electron Volt
A
The binding energy of an electron is measured in eV.
25
1 keV is equal to
1000 electron volts
26
Can only occupy the shells of energy designated by different letters of the alphabet:
Electrons
27
Occupancy Factor
2n^2
28
Valence #
of electrons in a valence
29
KLMNOPQ
1234567
30
Ionized
an atom loses of gains an electron
31
Ionization
process of + or - electrons
32
Cation
electron removed more positive
33
Anion
an added electron becomes more negative
34
Ion
Charged atom
35
A body at rest or in uniform motion nremains in the same state unless force is applied
Newtons 1st law of motion
36
Force
Push or pull of an object.
37
What is the unit of force?
Newton
38
What is the unit for electromotive force?
Volatge
39
Mechanical energy 2 types:
Potential and Kinetic
40
Potential energy
stored energy/inertia
41
Kinetic energy
energy in motion
42
Definition of energy
the ability to do work
43
Work
application of force over distance
44
Force x Distance =
Work
45
Unit used for energy is?
joule (j) or erg
46
Energy emitted and transferred through matter is called:
Radiation
47
Chemical Energy
Is released through chemical changes in the atoms and or molecules.
48
Thermal energy
aka heat results of atoms in motion.
49
Nuclear energy
energy released from radionuclides.
50
Different types of energy?
Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, and Nuclear
51
Law of Conservation
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but changed into other forms of energy.
52
Laws of electricity
Unlike charges attract and like repel, only neg charges move in a conductor, electric charges reside on conductor surface.
53
Electrification
Results from deficiency or excess amount of electrons that move from one object to another.
54
Elecricity
Flow of electrons around a ciruit.
55
DC current:
Electrons move in the same way.
56
AC current:
move in rythe from + to -
57
AC current: Pulse
a change in polarity
58
AC current: Cycle
2 pulses
59
AC current: frequency
of cycles
60
Current (I):
flow of electrons
61
Amperes (A)
measurement for current,
62
Electromotive Force (EMF)
Force pushing electrons
63
Volts (V)
measurement for EMF
64
Circuits:
Flow from pos to neg
65
Resistance (R)
Using or resisting energy, measured in ohm.
66
OHM's Law
V=IR, is the basic principle of all circuits.
67
Watt (W)
unit for electrical power, work over a given amount of time. W=AxV
Ampsxvolts
68
OHM
amount of resistance overcome by one volt to cause one amp to flow
69
Electical charges are measured in:
Coulombs C
70
Electical charges flow from:
neg to pos
71
Electical charges are affected by
Conducting material, conductor length, diameter of conducting material, and conductor temp.
72
Magnetism:
ability of a substance to attract iron or iron like substances
73
Electomagnetism:
an electric current will always produce a magnetic field.
74
Magnetic field is created by:
electric current passing through wire.
75
Cause for a weaker magnetic field:
Straight wire, when wire is wrapped around a core of wire strength increases.
76
Self induction
AKA autotransformer; created its own magnetic field.
77
Electomagnetic:
Materials strongly attracted to magnet or Ferromagnetic
78
Materials weakly attracted are:
Paramagnetic
79
Materials not attracted are:
Diamagnetic
80
Radiation:
energy traveling through space.
81
Non-ionizing radiation:
waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at speed of light.
82
Ionizing Radiation:
any magnetic or particulate radiation capable of causing bio harm.
83
2 ionizing types:
Particulate and electromagnetic; they are mainly xrays and gama with a potential to cause harm
84
Particulate:
Subatomic particles with mass (alpha and beta)
85
Frquency:
Cycles per second
86
Amplitude:
height from peak to valley
87
Wavelength:
Distance from one crest to the next.
88
Trough:
dip low point on a wavelength
89
Photons:
bundle of electromagnetic radiation
90
X-rays in a diagnostic tube are:
Polyenergetic, heterogenous, polychromatic
91
3 spectrum quantities:
energy, frequency and wavelength
92
The longer the wavelength the ____ the ____ and less energy; therefore non-ionizing.
Shorter amplitude
93
Speed of light:
186,000 miles per second
94
Xrays travel at:
speed of light
95
Inverse relationship
As the intensity behind the wave of energy increases the wavelength of energy decreases.
96
Brems (aka Characteristic)
Breaking radiation, when sudden deceleration of electrons cause it to release all or some of its energy & forms radiation. Requires source and target.
97
Alpha
low energy easily shielded, cannot penetrate skin and paper.
98
Beta
high speed electrons ejected from nucleus, potentiall to lose energy in from of x rays upon rapid deceleration. (Brems radiation)
99
x-rays
photons emitted from electron orbit, when an excited orbital electron "falls" back to lower energy level.
100
Gamma
photon emitted from nucleus, often part of radioactive decay. Higher energy.
101
Diodes are normally made of:
silicone
102
Inverse square law
I1/I2=D1^2/D2^2
