CH1 Flashcards
Radiographer
Administers ionizing radiation to preform procedures.
Ethics
moral responsibilty and appropriate conduct towards others.
ALARA
As low as Reasonably achievable
Privacy
Chart, overhearing, undressing
Image Receptor (IR) (aka cassette)
Device receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms body part image.
The 4 types of IR’s are:
Cassette w/film, PSP IP, DR, Fluoroscopic IR.
CR
Commputed Radiogrphy
DR
Digital Radiography
Image recorded by exposing IR to light is called:
Radiograph
7 Standpoints necessary for good image
Superimposition, Adjacent structures, Optical Denisty, Contrast, Spatial Resolution, Magnification, Shape Distortion
Optical Density in film
degree of blackening, controlled by mAs,
Optical Density in digital
degree of brightness, automatic, digital more affected by dose &noise
Contrast
difference in density, controlled by kV peak
Low contrast
density lack
High Contrast
density overload
mA (miliamperage)
current quantity of x rays -> Density (blackness of image)
s
length of exposure
(kv) kilovoltage
force quality => shades of density (it is the controlling factor of contrast)
As KV increases
more image density
Weaker kv
low contrast image lack of density
Light grays are produced by
weaker or low kv
Dark grays are produced by
stronger or high kv
High contrast is due to
low kvp
Low contrast is due to
high kvp
Spatial Resolution or recorded detail
ability to visualize small structures, detail seen in image or clarity
Long scale contrast leads to
low contrast
Short scale contrast leads to
high contrast
Magnification
Controlled by OID or SID
OID
Object to Image Receptor Distance
SID
Source to Image Receptor Distance
INC OID
Magnification inc
Dec SID
Magnification inc
Shape distortion is caused by
elongation and foreshortening
Size Distortion
caused by magnification
There are 2 types of motion:
Voluntary, Involuntary
Voluntary motion is controlled by
Nervousness, Discomfort, Exciteability, Mentall Illness, Fear, Age, Breathing
Involuntary Motion is controlled by
heart, chills, peristalsis, tremor, spasm, pain,
4 image quality factors
Density, contrast, detail, distortion
Projection
Part of the beam entering and exiting the pt.
Position
Body part in relation to the IR
Axial
long axis of the part where the CR is 10 degrees or more
Obliques
when the part is postioned between 0-90 degrees angled
Placements and Orientation of can be
lengthwise, crosswise, Diagonal
the Direction of the CR must always
be centered to the part of interest
Cephalad
Angle of the tube towards the head.
Caudad
Angle of the tube away from the head.
Collimation
limiting the size of the x ray field to the area of clinical interest (FOV) also reduces scattering
Sagittal
Divides the body into left and right segments.
Coronal
divides body into anterior and posterior.
Horizontal
passes crosswise through body @ a right angle to the objects longitudinal axis. (AKA Axial or Transverse)
Oblique
pass through body part at any angle.
Interiliac
transects top of iliac crest at level of 4 and 5 lumbar
Occlusal
formed by the biting of closed teach and closed jaw
Thoracic Cavity Contains
Pleural membranes, lungs, trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart
Abdominall cavity contains
lots
C1
Mastoid tip
C3
Gonium
C4
Hyoid Bone
C5
thyroid carilage
C7
Vertebral Prominens
T2-3
jugular notch
T4-5
Sternal Angle
T 7
inferior angle of scapulae
T9-10
xiphoid process
L2-3
Inferior angle of rib
L4-5
supermost Iliac crest
S1S2
Anterior superior Iliac spine ASIS
Coccyx
pubis symphysis, and greater trochanter
