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Radiological Technology > Exposure > Flashcards

Exposure Flashcards

1
Q

Define contrast

A

difference in adjacent densities

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2
Q

Define quantity

A

The radiation intensity or the number of x rays in the beam, measured in mR

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3
Q

Define the relationship between ma and tube current

A

Directly proportional

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4
Q

Define the relationship between ma and mR

A

Directly proportional

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5
Q

Describe the relationship between exposure time and density

A

Directly proportional

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6
Q

Describe the relationship between time and mR

A

Directly proportional

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7
Q

Describe the relationship between mAs and density

A

Directly proportional

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8
Q

describe the relationship between kVp and mR

A

Inversely proportional

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9
Q

Describe the relationship between SID and mR

A

inversely proportional

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10
Q

Identify 4 imaging characteristics controlled by SID

A

magnification, distortion, penumbra and density

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11
Q

Define the reciprocity law.

A

Any combination of mA and time can be used to get the same mAs with the same result in density.

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12
Q

What is the 15% rule?

A

If kVp is increased by 15%, mAs will be halved. If kVp is decreased by 15%, mAs will be doubled.

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13
Q

ma + s =

A

mAs

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14
Q

What is the density maintenance formula?

A

new mAs/old mAs = new D^2/old D^2

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15
Q

What is meant by low contrast?

A

lots of gray

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16
Q

What is meant by high contrast?

A

few shades of gray

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17
Q

How do you get a higher contrast on a film?

A

lower the kVp

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18
Q

How do you get a lower contrast on a film?

A

Use a higher kVp

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19
Q

What are the prime factors for exposure?

A

mA, kVp, distance and time

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20
Q

What is quality?

A

the penetrability of the beam

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21
Q

What is the controlling factor of contrast?

A

kVp

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22
Q

What is the controlling factor of density?

A

mAs

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23
Q

What is the relationship between kVp and scatter?

A

Directly proportional

24
Q

What is the function of contrast?

A

To make details visible

25
Q

What is meant by short scale contrast?

A

Few shades of gray

26
Q

What is meant by long scale of contrast?

A

Many shades of gray

27
Q

What is subject contrast?

A

The range of differences in the intensity of the remnant x ray beam after it has been attenuated by the patient.

28
Q

What is image receptor contrast?

A

The range of densities the image receptor is capable of recording.

29
Q

Five factors that affect image receptor contrast

A

H & D curve, image density, processing, digital image receptors, intensifying screens

30
Q

Three factors that affect subject contrast?

A

kVp, amount of tissue irradiated, type of tissue irradiated.

31
Q

How does mAs affect radiographic contrast

A

Under or over exposure

32
Q

How does focal spot size affect radiographic contrast

A

No influence.

33
Q

How does the anode heel effect affect radiographic contrast?

A

Little effect

34
Q

How does filtration affect contrast?

A

Inversely related.

35
Q

How does beam restriction (collimation) affect contrast?

A

Inversely related.

36
Q

How do grids affect contrast?

A

Directly related.

37
Q

What are two types of motion?

A

Involuntary and voluntary.

38
Q

Give an example of involuntary motion.

A

pain, breathing, chills, spasms

39
Q

What is the typical range for O.D?

A

0.25 to 2.5

40
Q

How does SID affect density?

A

By a factor of 4 (inversely).

41
Q

What are the seven types of radiologic tissue types.

A

metal, enamel, bone, muscle, fluids, fat and air/gas

42
Q

Give an example of voluntary motion.

A

nervousness, discomfort, fear, excitability

43
Q

Define density.

A

The overall blackness on the image. Also described as the amount of black metallic silver on a film.

44
Q

What is fog?

A

Unwanted density on the film.

45
Q

The total quantity of x rays produced in an x ray beam is determined by the _____.

A

mAs

46
Q

The distance between the x ray tube and the film is?

A

Source to image distance (SID)

47
Q

Low radiographic contrast is called?

A

long scale contrast

48
Q

Two factors that directly control the amount of x rays emitted by the tube are?

A

ma and time

49
Q

The shorter the SID, the __________ the intensity of the xray beam?

A

greater

50
Q

Radiographic density if produced by?

A

The quantity of x rays reaching the image receptor.

51
Q

Scattered radiation has what effect on radiographic contrast?

A

It decreases it.

52
Q

Describe the relationship between filtration and density.

A

Inversely related.

53
Q

descibe the relationship between collimation and density

A

inversely related

54
Q

Describe the relationship between thickness and density.

A

Inversely related

55
Q

Describe the relationship between grid ratio and density.

A

Inversely related.

56
Q

Describe the relationship between thickness and contrast.

A

Inversely related.

57
Q

Describe the relationship between processing time and contrast

A

Inversely related.

Radiological Technology (9 decks)

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