Joint Movement Flashcards
Gliding movement
one flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another.
Angular movements
increase or decrease the angle between two bones.
Flexion
decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together. (backwards)
Extension
increases the angle between the articulating bones. (forwards)
Abduction
the movement of a limb (or fingers) away from the midline body. (or hand)
Adduction
the movement of a limb (or fingers) toward the midline of the body. (or hand)
Circumduction
moving a limb so that it describes a cone in the air.
Rotation
turning of the bone along its own axis.
Supination
rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.
Pronation
rotating the arm medially so that the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly.
Inversion
turns the sole of the foot so it faces medially.
Eversion
turns the sole of the foot so it faces laterally.
Protraction
moves the mandible anteriorly, just the jaw forward.
Retraction
returns the mandible to its original position.
Elevation
lifting a body part superiorly.
Depression
to move an elevated body part inferiorly.
Opposition
occurs when you touch your thumb to the fingers on the same hand.
Plane joints
flat articular surfaces, allow gliding and transitional movements.
Hinge joints
cylindrical projection that nests in a trough-shaped structure, allows movement along a single plane.
Pivot joints
a rounded structure that protrudes into a sleeve or ring, and allow uni-axial rotation of a bone around a long axis.
Condyloid (ellipsoid)
consist of an oval articular surface that nests in a complementary depression, and permit all angular movements.
Saddle joints
consist of each articular surface bearing complementary concave and convex areas, and allow more freedom of movement than condyloid joints.
Ball-in-socket-joints
consist of spherical or hemispherical structure that articulates with a cuplike structure. They are the most freely moving joints and allow multiaxial movements.
Knee joint
femoropatellar joint, lateral and medial joints between the femoral condyles, and the menisci or the tibia. Known collectively as the tibiofemoral.
Elbow joint
stable and smoothly operating hinge joint that allows flexation and extension only. Stability ligaments: anular, ulnar collateral, radial.
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint
most freely moving joint in the body. Reinforcement ligaments are coracohumeral ligment and three glenohumeral ligments.
Hip (coxal) joint
ball-in-socket joint that provides a good range of motion
