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Radiological Technology > Contrast and Density > Flashcards

Contrast and Density Flashcards

1
Q

An H & D curve demonstrating a steep curve represents film with ______?

A

High contrast

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2
Q

How does the use of grids affect the contrast of a radiograph?

A

Produces higher contrast

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3
Q

Subject contrast is caused by?

A

Tissue density differences, atomic number, and body part thickness

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4
Q

List the body parts in order from less absorbing power to more absorbing power.

A

Air, Fat, Water, Muscle, and Bone

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5
Q

Adding air to a body part ______ its tissue density compared to the structures around it.

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Adding iodine or barium to a body part ______ its tissue density compared to the structures around it.

A

Increases

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7
Q

What is the main controlling factor for radiographic contrast?

A

kVP

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8
Q

The radiation that goes through the patient’s body is called?

A

Exit radiation or remnant radiation

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9
Q

Scattered radiation ________ radiographic contrast.

A

Lowers

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10
Q

3 most common contrast agents

A

Air, Barium and Iodine

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11
Q

Adding air radiographic density

A

Decreases

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12
Q

As x-ray photons are absorbed, scattered, or pass through, the intensity of the beam is reduced. this is called _______.

A

Attenuation

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13
Q

________ refers to the ability of a film to record a wide range of densities.

A

Film latitude

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14
Q

Low energy radiation will result in ______ ____ contrast.

A

Short scale

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15
Q

How will high kvp techniques affect radiographic contrast?

A

Produce lower contrast

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16
Q

The quality of an x-ray beam is determined by?

A

kVp

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17
Q

How will increasing screen speed affect radiographic quality?

A

Produce higher contrast

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18
Q

Which grid ratio should be used to maintain contrast when using over 100 kvp?

A

12:01

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19
Q

The number of density difference in a radiograph refers to what?

A

Scale of contrast

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20
Q

How does a small increase indeveloper temperature affect radiographic contrast?

A

Produces higher contrast

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21
Q

Subject contrast will be the lowest with which body habitus?

A

Hyperstenic

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22
Q

What accessory can be used to demonstrate a scale of contrast or test for contrast?

A

Penetrometer

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23
Q

How will an air gap technique affect radiographic contrast?

A

Produce higher contrast

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24
Q

Contrast can be measured from an H & D curve by finding the slope of the ________ ________.

A

Highest contrast

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25
Long wavelength radiation will result in _____ scale contrast.
Short
26
What type of relationship occurs with contrast when mAs increases?
Inverse relationship
27
What type of relationship occurs with contrast when SOD increases?
Inverse relationship
28
What type of relationship occurs with contrast when tube angle increases?
No change
29
Why is contrast needed in a radiographic image?
Makes detail visible.
30
How does an increase in developer temperature affect contrast?
Contrast decreases.
31
As contrast decreases, how is the number of densities in the film affected?
Increases
32
As motion increases, what happens to contrast?
Motion has no effect on contrast.
33
Define contrast.
Difference between adjacent densities.
34
A visible change in kVp is not seen until kVp is changed __ to __%, depending on kVP range.
4, 12
35
What are the two types of radiographic contrast?
Film and subject contrast
36
Define film contrast.
The range of densities that the image is capable of recording.
37
Define subject contrast.
Range of differences in the intensity of the x-ray beam after it has been attenuated by the subject.
38
What happens to contrast if collimation is increased?
Decreased contrast
39
Density is one of the two ________ properties comprising visibility of detail.
Photographic
40
Increments of 0.3 changes in optical density numbers represent a ________ or ________ of opacity.
Doubling, halving
41
Image density/brightness on the display monitor is controlled by __________ ________
Window levelling
42
The ______________ _______ states film density should remain unchanged as long as the intensity and duration of x-ray exposure remains unchanged.
Reciprocity law
43
When kVp ranges 30 - 50, a __ to ___ percent change in kVP can be detected.
4 to 5
44
A __ to ___ percent change in kVp is required in the 50-90 kVp range.
8 to 9
45
A ___ to __ percent change in kVp is required in the 90 - 130 kVp range.
10 to 12
46
The 15 percent rule is somewhat accurate within the range of ___ to ____ kVp.
60 to 100
47
The image receptor exposure is always greater at the _________ end.
Cathode
48
The anode heel effect is also more significant when using ____ _____ anodes (12 degrees or less)
small angle
49
The portion of an object with the greatest subject density should be placed toward the ____ end of the tube.
Cathode
50
Radiolucent contrast media (air) will _________ film density.
Increase
51
Radiopaque contrast media (barium, iodine) will _______ film density.
Decrease
52
As relative speed increases, the amount of exposure required to maintain the same film density ____________.
Decreases
53
Film density will _____ when developer solution temperatures ________.
Increase, increase
54
Film density will _____ when developer solution temperatures ________.
Decrease, decrease
55
__________ ____________ controls image contrast.
Window width
56
As the slope of the Dlog E curve increases, contrast is _______.
Increased
57
Low kVp produces ____ subject contrast because most of the low energy photons are absorbed by thicker parts.
Higher
58
With high kVP, subject contrast is _______ because more uniform penetration occurs between thick and thin parts.
Decreased
59
In a fixed kilovoltage system, the kVp is held _______, while the mAs is ______ to achieve appropriate image receptor exposure.
Constant, varied
60
Fixed kilovotage technique systems, _____ patient dose.
Decrease
61
_______________ kVp is the maximum kVp level that will produce images with appropriate contrast, consist within acceptance limits.
Optimal
62
The objective of optimal kVp is to determine the ____kVp and _____ contrast that is within acceptance limits.
Highest, lowest
63
A ________ ____________ x-ray exposure technique system is one where the kilovoltage to be used for a particular projection is varied, depending on measured body part thickness.
Variable kilovoltage

Radiological Technology (9 decks)

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