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Radiological Technology > Contrast and Density > Flashcards

Contrast and Density Flashcards

1
Q

An H & D curve demonstrating a steep curve represents film with ______?

A

High contrast

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2
Q

How does the use of grids affect the contrast of a radiograph?

A

Produces higher contrast

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3
Q

Subject contrast is caused by?

A

Tissue density differences, atomic number, and body part thickness

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4
Q

List the body parts in order from less absorbing power to more absorbing power.

A

Air, Fat, Water, Muscle, and Bone

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5
Q

Adding air to a body part ______ its tissue density compared to the structures around it.

A

Decreases

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6
Q

Adding iodine or barium to a body part ______ its tissue density compared to the structures around it.

A

Increases

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7
Q

What is the main controlling factor for radiographic contrast?

A

kVP

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8
Q

The radiation that goes through the patient’s body is called?

A

Exit radiation or remnant radiation

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9
Q

Scattered radiation ________ radiographic contrast.

A

Lowers

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10
Q

3 most common contrast agents

A

Air, Barium and Iodine

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11
Q

Adding air radiographic density

A

Decreases

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12
Q

As x-ray photons are absorbed, scattered, or pass through, the intensity of the beam is reduced. this is called _______.

A

Attenuation

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13
Q

________ refers to the ability of a film to record a wide range of densities.

A

Film latitude

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14
Q

Low energy radiation will result in ______ ____ contrast.

A

Short scale

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15
Q

How will high kvp techniques affect radiographic contrast?

A

Produce lower contrast

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16
Q

The quality of an x-ray beam is determined by?

A

kVp

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17
Q

How will increasing screen speed affect radiographic quality?

A

Produce higher contrast

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18
Q

Which grid ratio should be used to maintain contrast when using over 100 kvp?

A

12:01

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19
Q

The number of density difference in a radiograph refers to what?

A

Scale of contrast

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20
Q

How does a small increase indeveloper temperature affect radiographic contrast?

A

Produces higher contrast

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21
Q

Subject contrast will be the lowest with which body habitus?

A

Hyperstenic

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22
Q

What accessory can be used to demonstrate a scale of contrast or test for contrast?

A

Penetrometer

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23
Q

How will an air gap technique affect radiographic contrast?

A

Produce higher contrast

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24
Q

Contrast can be measured from an H & D curve by finding the slope of the ________ ________.

A

Highest contrast

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25
Q

Long wavelength radiation will result in _____ scale contrast.

A

Short

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26
Q

What type of relationship occurs with contrast when mAs increases?

A

Inverse relationship

27
Q

What type of relationship occurs with contrast when SOD increases?

A

Inverse relationship

28
Q

What type of relationship occurs with contrast when tube angle increases?

A

No change

29
Q

Why is contrast needed in a radiographic image?

A

Makes detail visible.

30
Q

How does an increase in developer temperature affect contrast?

A

Contrast decreases.

31
Q

As contrast decreases, how is the number of densities in the film affected?

A

Increases

32
Q

As motion increases, what happens to contrast?

A

Motion has no effect on contrast.

33
Q

Define contrast.

A

Difference between adjacent densities.

34
Q

A visible change in kVp is not seen until kVp is changed __ to __%, depending on kVP range.

A

4, 12

35
Q

What are the two types of radiographic contrast?

A

Film and subject contrast

36
Q

Define film contrast.

A

The range of densities that the image is capable of recording.

37
Q

Define subject contrast.

A

Range of differences in the intensity of the x-ray beam after it has been attenuated by the subject.

38
Q

What happens to contrast if collimation is increased?

A

Decreased contrast

39
Q

Density is one of the two ________ properties comprising visibility of detail.

A

Photographic

40
Q

Increments of 0.3 changes in optical density numbers represent a ________ or ________ of opacity.

A

Doubling, halving

41
Q

Image density/brightness on the display monitor is controlled by __________ ________

A

Window levelling

42
Q

The ______________ _______ states film density should remain unchanged as long as the intensity and duration of x-ray exposure remains unchanged.

A

Reciprocity law

43
Q

When kVp ranges 30 - 50, a __ to ___ percent change in kVP can be detected.

A

4 to 5

44
Q

A __ to ___ percent change in kVp is required in the 50-90 kVp range.

A

8 to 9

45
Q

A ___ to __ percent change in kVp is required in the 90 - 130 kVp range.

A

10 to 12

46
Q

The 15 percent rule is somewhat accurate within the range of ___ to ____ kVp.

A

60 to 100

47
Q

The image receptor exposure is always greater at the _________ end.

A

Cathode

48
Q

The anode heel effect is also more significant when using ____ _____ anodes (12 degrees or less)

A

small angle

49
Q

The portion of an object with the greatest subject density should be placed toward the ____ end of the tube.

A

Cathode

50
Q

Radiolucent contrast media (air) will _________ film density.

A

Increase

51
Q

Radiopaque contrast media (barium, iodine) will _______ film density.

A

Decrease

52
Q

As relative speed increases, the amount of exposure required to maintain the same film density ____________.

A

Decreases

53
Q

Film density will _____ when developer solution temperatures ________.

A

Increase, increase

54
Q

Film density will _____ when developer solution temperatures ________.

A

Decrease, decrease

55
Q

__________ ____________ controls image contrast.

A

Window width

56
Q

As the slope of the Dlog E curve increases, contrast is _______.

A

Increased

57
Q

Low kVp produces ____ subject contrast because most of the low energy photons are absorbed by thicker parts.

A

Higher

58
Q

With high kVP, subject contrast is _______ because more uniform penetration occurs between thick and thin parts.

A

Decreased

59
Q

In a fixed kilovoltage system, the kVp is held _______, while the mAs is ______ to achieve appropriate image receptor exposure.

A

Constant, varied

60
Q

Fixed kilovotage technique systems, _____ patient dose.

A

Decrease

61
Q

_______________ kVp is the maximum kVp level that will produce images with appropriate contrast, consist within acceptance limits.

A

Optimal

62
Q

The objective of optimal kVp is to determine the ____kVp and _____ contrast that is within acceptance limits.

A

Highest, lowest

63
Q

A ________ ____________ x-ray exposure technique system is one where the kilovoltage to be used for a particular projection is varied, depending on measured body part thickness.

A

Variable kilovoltage

Radiological Technology (9 decks)

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