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Chairside Study Guide > Radiology Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Radiology Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acetic Acid?

A

Removes acids from film

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2
Q

What agents are the hardening agents used to shrink and harden gelatin in emulsion?

A

Potassium aluminum and aluminum sulfate

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3
Q

What preserves the fixer?

A

Sodium sulfite preservative

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4
Q

What does sodium thiosulfate fixing agent (aka clearing solution) do?

A

It removes unexposed unenergized undeveloped silver crystals from emulsion

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5
Q

What is the fixer job?

A

Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals and creates white/clear areas on film

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6
Q

What is the developer job?

A

Builds contrast and brings out the latent image and converts silver crystals into metallic silver

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7
Q

What is hydroquione?

A

Generates black tones

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8
Q

Elon and metal?

A

Generates gray tones

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9
Q

Sodium sulfite preservative?

A

Helps preserve developer

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10
Q

What is sodium carbonate accelerator? Aka activator

A

Softens the film gelatin to allow developing agent to reach silver crystals

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11
Q

What does potassium bromide restrainer control?

A

Controls the activity of developing agent and helps prevent chemical fog on film

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12
Q

What are two automatic professors?

A

Perio-Pro (tracks)

AT/2000 (rollers)

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13
Q

How long does automatic processing take?

A

4-7 minutes

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14
Q

An illumination will not affect the X-ray film as long as it is placed _____ above the work surface

A

3-4 feet

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15
Q

Liquids concentrate need to be changed every ______.

A

3-4 weeks

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16
Q

What is the developer temp for the automatic processor?

A

80-95 degrees F

Automatically tempered

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17
Q

What are the steps for the automatic processor?

A
  1. Developer
  2. Fixer
  3. Water (rinse)
  4. Drying
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18
Q

When do we replenish the developer and fixer?

A

Daily

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19
Q

When do we change water?

A

Daily

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20
Q

When do you disassemble and clean the automatic processor?

A

2-3 weeks

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21
Q

How long does manual processing take?

A

34 minutes

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22
Q

What is the developer temperature for manual processing?

A

68-70 degrees F

Floating thermometer

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23
Q

How often do you clean dip tanks aka manual?

A

3-4 weeks

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24
Q

How long do you keep film in developer for manual processing?

A

68 degrees - 4 1/2 min

70 degrees - 4 min

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25
Q

What are the steps for manual processing?

A
  1. Developer
  2. Rinse (20 seconds)
  3. Fixer (10 minutes)
  4. Wash (20 minutes)
  5. Dry = using X-ray film rack
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26
Q

How often should you check for light leaks in the dark room?

A

6 months

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27
Q

What is a coin test?

A

Put a coin over an unexposed film and let it sit for 3 minutes under the safe light, process the film. If u see outline you have fogging and diagnostic information is being compromised

Safelight test

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28
Q

What does MPD stand for?

A

Maximum permissible dose of radiation, humans can receive this amount with NO ILL EFFECTS

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29
Q

Give examples of background radiation people are subjected to on a daily basis.

A

Smoke detectors, cooking with natural gas, airplane, sleeping next to someone, living in brick house, reading a book for 3 hours

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30
Q

What are silver halide bromide salts and their purpose?

A

They absorb radiation during X-ray exposure and store energy from radiation

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31
Q

What is the safelight and its purpose in a dark room?

A

An illumination that will not affect the X-ray film

32
Q

What is the appropriate watts for a red and yellow safelight in the dark room?

A

Red - 15 watts

Yellow - 7.5-10 watts

33
Q

What is the minimum and maximum safe distance from safelight and film?

A

3 to 4 feet

34
Q

What are the processing steps when using the for automatic processing unit? (4)

A

Developer
Fixer
Water
Drying

35
Q

What is the processing steps when using manual dip tanks?(5)

A 
Developer
Rinse (20 seconds)
Fixer (10 min)
Wash (20 min)
Dry
36
Q

What is a daylight loader?

A

A light shielded compartment attached to an automatic processor allowing films to be unwrapped in a room with white light

37
Q

Infra oral film sizes and speeds

A 
#0 - pedo (2-5 years) 
#1 - anterior film 20 Ct (age 6)
#2 - adult film 18 fms
#3 - long bitewing 
#4 - occlusal film
38
Q

Another name for paralleling technique?

A

Long come/right angle

39
Q

Paralleling technique year?

A

1920

40
Q

What does REM stand for and what does it measure?

A

Roentgen equivalent man(human)
It measures biological effects and response
Dose equivalent

41
Q

What does RAD stand for and what does it measure?

A

radiation absorbed dose

It measure absorbed dose in the “body”

42
Q

What does R stand for and what does it measure

A

Roentgen

It measures the exposure of radiation in the “air”

43
Q

How can safe light in dark room be tested?

A

Coin test

44
Q

What is the FFD stand for?

A

Focal film distance

45
Q

What is the OFD stand for?

A

Object film distance

46
Q

Taking FMS on an edentulous patient, what would be the possible reasons, what is dentist looking to see?

A

Residual root tips
Unerupted teeth
Any pathologies

47
Q

What is the purpose of the developer during the film and processing segment?

A

Reduces the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver and creates dark and black areas on film

48
Q

What is the purpose of the fixer during the film processing segment?

A

Removes the unexposed silver halide crystals, creates white or clear areas on the film

49
Q

Know the chemicals that make up the developer and fixer.

Developer (6)

Fixer (5)

A

Developer

  1. Hydroquinone
  2. Elon
  3. Metol
  4. Sodium sulfite preservative
  5. Sodium carbonate accelerator(activator)
  6. Potassium bromide restrainer

Fixer

  1. Sodium thiosulfate fixing agent and cleaning solution
  2. Sodium sulfite preservative
  3. Potassium aluminum
  4. Aluminum sulfide
  5. Acetic acid
50
Q

What does hydroquinone do?

A

Generates black tones

51
Q

What does Elon and metol do?

A

Generate gray tones

52
Q

What does sodium sulfite preservative do?

A

Helps preserve fixer and developer

53
Q

What does sodium carbonate accelerator do? (Activator)

A

Softens the film gelatin to allow developing agent to reach crystals

54
Q

What is potassium bromide restrainer?

A

Controls the activity of the developing agent and helps to prevent chemical fog on film

55
Q

Potassium aluminum/aluminum sulfide?

A

Hardening agents used to shrink and harder gelatin in emulsion

56
Q

What would make a coin test fail?

A

The safelight was either mounted below 3 feet/bulb was too strong or wattage was off

57
Q

What does radiopaque mean, and give examples of what would appear as radiopacity on a radiograph?

A

Not transparent to radiation

White and gray areas on radiograph

Amalgam and crowns

58
Q

What does radiolucent mean and give examples of what would appear as a radiolucency on a radiograph?

A

Transparent to radiation

Black areas on radiograph

Pulp and cavities

59
Q

What should the temperature of the developing solution be to prevent overdevelopment of the film both manually and automatically?

A

Man - 68-70 degrees F

Automatic - 80-95 degrees F

60
Q

If reticulation is noticed on a radiograph, what is wrong with the developing segment of manual processing dip tanks?

A

The temperature of the fixer and developer are way to low causing reticulation (goes below 68-70)

61
Q

What is radioresistent mean and give an example of what tissues and organs that are radioresistent to radiation

A

Substance or tissue that is not easily injured(resistant) by ionizing radiation

  1. Kidneys
  2. Nerves
  3. Liver
  4. Connective tissue
  5. Brain
62
Q

What is radiosensitive mean and give an example of what tissues/organs that are radiosensitive to radiation

A

Substance or tissue that is relatively susceptible (sensitive to injury from radiation)

  1. Thyroids
  2. Gonads
  3. Skin
  4. Bone marrow/bone cells
  5. Blood and blood cells
63
Q

What is reduction?

A

When the image is being processed

64
Q

What is the difference between curve of spee and curve of

Wilson?

A

Wilson - lingual

Spee - labial

65
Q

Somatic and genetic?

A

Somatic - changes in cells that are not passed on to next generations (everything but reproductive cells)
EX: erythema/cataracts

Genetic - changes in cells that are passed on to future generations
EX: Down syndrome/deformities/miscarriages

66
Q

What is cumulative effect and how does it effect humans?

A

The amount of radiation that you get over time that never goes away, it effects humans because they are exposed to radiation

67
Q

What is C/KG stand for, and what does it measure?

A

Coulombs per kilogram - exposure of radiation in the air

68
Q

What does GY stand for, and what does it measure?

A

Gray - measures absorbed does in body

69
Q

What is a dose?

A

Term used to measure radiation

70
Q

What is the Sv stand for, and what does it measure?

A

Sievert - measures the biological effects and response

71
Q

What will happen if X-ray films are Not properly washed during manual processing?
How can it be prevented?

A

It will turn yellowish brown, make sure you are washing for the exact 20 minutes

72
Q

What natural source of radiation provides the greatest amount of background radiation to humans?

A

Radon

73
Q

How often should radiographic solutions be changed in automatic processor?

A

2-3 weeks

74
Q

How often should the water be changed in automatic and manual?

A

Daily

75
Q

How often should solutions be changed in manual processing?

A

3-4 weeks

76
Q

Excessive and inadequate vertical angulation cause what to happen to the film?

A

Elongation - caused by too little

Foreshortening - caused by too much

77
Q

What does incorrect horizontal angulation cause?

A

Overlapping - teeth appear to touch

Chairside Study Guide (18 decks)

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