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Functional Anatomy > Radiology Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Radiology Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is radiology?

A

Branch of medicine concerned with radiant energy and radioactive substances including x rays, ionizing radiation, radioactive isotopes and the application to prevent, diagnose, and treat.

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2
Q

What is another term for medical/diagnostic imaging?

A

Radiology is also referred to as medical/diagnostic imaging.

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3
Q

What modalities are included in radiology?

A

Ultrasound, MRI, and PET scan.

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4
Q

What is musculoskeletal imaging?

A

A subspecialty of radiology concerned with the diagnostic evaluation of the musculoskeletal system.

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5
Q

What tissues can musculoskeletal imaging image?

A

All tissues, not only bone.

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6
Q

What was musculoskeletal imaging previously known as?

A

Orthopedic radiology.

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7
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As low as reasonably achievable.

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8
Q

What is a radiograph?

A

An x-ray film containing an image of an anatomic part of a patient.

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9
Q

What are the requirements for a radiograph?

A
  1. X ray beam source 2. A patient 3. X ray film or other image receptor.
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10
Q

What are the three classes of image receptors?

A

Film radiograph, fluoroscopic imaging, computed.

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11
Q

What is radiation?

A

The energy transmitted through space or matter, differing from mechanical, electrical, thermal, nuclear, and electromagnetic.

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12
Q

What is an x-ray?

A

A form of ionizing electromagnetic radiation similar to visible light but shorter in wavelength.

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13
Q

What determines the shade of gray that represents anatomy in x rays?

A

The molecular interaction of x rays.

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14
Q

What is radiodensity?

A

Combination of physical qualities of an object that determine how much radiation is absorbed from the x ray beam.

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15
Q

What does radiolucent mean?

A

Transparent to x rays.

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16
Q

What does radiopaque mean?

A

Opaque to x rays.

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17
Q

What does radiodense mean?

A

X rays will not pass through.

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18
Q

What is radiodensity determined by?

A

Composition and thickness.

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19
Q

What affects the thickness and silhouette of a tissue on a radiograph?

A

Angles of projection.

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20
Q

What is the thinnest curved plane parallel to the image receptor?

A

Curved plane parallel to image receptor.

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21
Q

What is the thickest curved plane perpendicular to the image receptor?

A

Curved plane perpendicular to image receptor.

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22
Q

What is a reminder regarding imaging tests?

A

Not always the most expensive test gives you the best answer.

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23
Q

What does ‘one view is no view’ mean?

A

Critical diagnostic information is missing if only 1 radiograph is available.

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24
Q

What is the upright position?

A

Seated or standing.

25
Q

What is the seated position?

A

Sitting up still upright.

26
Q

What is the supine position?

A

Laying on back.

27
Q

What is the prone position?

A

Laying on stomach.

28
Q

What is the erect/weight bearing position used for?

A

Used to clearly establish that the joints are under effects of gravity.

29
Q

What is the recumbent position?

A

Lying down in any position.

30
Q

What is the Trendelenburg position?

A

Lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet.

31
Q

What are the two markers on each film?

A

Patient identification and anatomic side markers.

32
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Do not reorient films, always view as if in anatomical position.

33
Q

What are the four image quality factors?

A

Density, contrast, detail, and distortion.

34
Q

What does density refer to in imaging?

A

The amount of blackening in the image, controlled by adjusting current and exposure time.

35
Q

What is detail in imaging?

A

Also referred to as sharpness, resolution, and definition.

36
Q

What is contrast in imaging?

A

The difference between adjacent densities.

37
Q

What is distortion in imaging?

A

The difference between the actual object and the recorded image.

38
Q

What type of contrast is used in skeletal radiographs?

A

High contrast.

39
Q

What type of contrast is used to image the heart and lungs?

A

Low contrast.

40
Q

What are the categories of imaging?

A

Conventional radiography and advanced modalities.

41
Q

What is fluoroscopy?

A

Dynamic/continuous radiographs that provide real-time imaging that can be archived.

42
Q

What does CR stand for?

A

Contrast enhanced radiographs.

43
Q

What is musculoskeletal CR?

A

Arthrograms (joints) and myelograms (spine).

44
Q

What is arthrography?

A

Contrast media study of a joint and its soft tissue structures.

45
Q

What is myelography?

A

Contrast media study of the spinal cord, dura mater, and nerve roots.

46
Q

What is nuclear imaging?

A

Specialty that uses radio pharmaceutical (tracer) = radionuclide (emits gamma rays) + pharmaceutical (targeted specific organ).

47
Q

What does windowing refer to in imaging?

A

The range of radio densities displayed in an image.

48
Q

What does T1 imaging measure?

A

Measures tissues that give up energy and displays all tissues well.

49
Q

What does T2 imaging measure?

A

Measures energy not ready releasing energy.

50
Q

What are errors of observation?

A

Faulty or incomplete search patterns.

51
Q

What are errors of interpretation?

A

Failure to link radiologic signs to clinic data.

52
Q

What does the A in ABCS search pattern stand for?

A

Alignment.

53
Q

What does the B in ABCS search pattern stand for?

A

Bone density.

54
Q

What does the C in ABCS search pattern stand for?

A

Cartilage space.

55
Q

What does the S in ABCS search pattern stand for?

A

Soft tissues.

56
Q

What does the alignment search pattern involve?

A

Looking at general skeletal architecture, general contour of bone, alignment of bones to adjacent bones.

57
Q

What does the bone density search pattern involve?

A

Looking at general bone density, texture abnormalities, localized density changes.

58
Q

What does the cartilage space search pattern involve?

A

Looking at joint width space, subchondral bone, and epiphyseal plates.

59
Q

What does the soft tissue search patterns involve?

A

Looking at muscles, fat pads and lines, joint capsules, periosteum, miscellaneous soft tissue findings.

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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