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Functional Anatomy > Exam 2 - Elbow, Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Elbow, Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three bones in the elbow and forearm?

A

Humerus, Radius, Ulna

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2
Q

What are the four articulations in the elbow and forearm?

A

Humeroradial Joint, Humeroulnar Joint, Proximal radioulnar joint, distal radioulnar joint

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3
Q

What is the elbow joint technically considered and why?

A

Trochogingylmoid Joint since it is a hinge and pivot joint

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4
Q

What two parts of the distal humerus articulate with the radius?

A

Capitellum and Radial Fossa

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5
Q

What parts of the distal humerus articulates with the ulna?

A

Trochlea, Coronoid Fossa, Olecranon Fossa

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6
Q

What part of the radius articulates with the humerus?

A

Radial head and fovea

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7
Q

What is different about the articulation of the radius with the humerus?

A

Both parts are concave

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8
Q

What parts of the radius articulates with the ulna?

A

Radial head, ulnar notch and styloid process

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9
Q

What parts of the ulna articulates with the humerus?

A

Trochlear Notch, Olecranon Process, Coronoid Process

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10
Q

What parts of the ulna articulate with the radius?

A

Radial Notch, Ulnar Head, Styloid Process

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11
Q

In the humeroradial joint, which surface is concave?

A

Radial head

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12
Q

In the humeroradial joint, which surface is convex?

A

Capitellum of humerus

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13
Q

Which surface moves in the humeroradial joint?

A

Concave radial head

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14
Q

Which direction does the radial head roll and slide during open chain flexion at the humeroradial joint?

A

Anteriorly

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15
Q

Which direction does the radial head roll and slide during open chain extension at the humeroradial joint?

A

Posteriorly

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16
Q

Which direction does the radial head spin during open chain supination at the humeroradial joint?

A

Posteriorly

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17
Q

What direction does the radial head spin during open chain pronation of the humeroradial joint?

A

Anteriorly

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18
Q

Which surface is concave in the humeroulnar joint?

A

Trochlear notch

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19
Q

Which surface is convex in the humeroulnar joint?

A

Trochlea

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20
Q

Which surface moves in the humeroulnar joint?

A

Concave trochlear notch

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21
Q

Which direction does the trochlear notch roll and slide during open chain flexion or the humeroulnar joint?

A

Anteriorly

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22
Q

Which direction does the trochlear notch roll and slide during open chain extension of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Posteriorly

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23
Q

Which surface is concave in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial notch

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24
Q

Which surface is convex in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Medial portion of the radial head

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25
Which surface moves in the proximal radioulnar joint?
Convex medial portion of the radial head
26
Which direction does the medial portion of the radial head roll during open chain supination?
Posteriorly
27
Which direction does the medial portion of the radial head roll during open chain pronation?
Anteriorly
28
Which surface is concave in the distal radioulnar joint?
Ulnar notch of radius
29
Which surface is convex in the distal radioulnar joint?
Ulnar head
30
Which surface moves in the distal radioulnar joint?
Concave ulnar notch
31
Which direction does the concave ulnar notch roll and slide during open chain supination at the distal radioulnar joint?
Posteriorly
32
Which direction does the ulnar notch of the radius roll and slide during open chain pronation at the distal radioulnar joint?
Anteriorly
33
What muscles flex the elbow?
Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres
34
What nerve innervates the Biceps Brachii muscle?
Musculocutaneous Nerve
35
What elbow flexor crosses two joints?
Biceps Brachii
36
What nerve innervates the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous Nerve
37
What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve
38
What muscle innervates the pronator teres?
Median nerve
39
What muscles extend the elbow?
Triceps Brachii, Anconeus
40
What nerve innervates the elbow extensors?
Radial nerve
41
What are the primary muscles that pronate the forearm?
Pronator Teres, Pronator quadratus
42
What nerve innervates the primary muscles that pronate the forearm?
Median nerve
43
What are the secondary muscles that pronate the forearm?
Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, brachioradialis
44
What nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve
45
What nerve innervates the palmaris longus?
Median nerve
46
When does the brachioradlis assist in pronation?
If the forearm is already supinated
47
What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve
48
What are the primary muscles that supinate the forearm?
Supinator, Biceps Brachii
49
What nerve innervates the supinator?
Radial nerve
50
What are the secondary muscles that supinate the forearm?
Radial wrist extensors, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, brachioradialis
51
What nerve innervates the secondary muscles that supinate the forearm?
Radial nerve
52
When does the brachioradialis assist in supination of the forearm?
If the forearm is already pronated
53
What are the primary static stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?
Humeroulnar joint, anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament
54
What are the secondary static stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?
Humeroradial joint, common flexor and extensor tendons, joint capsule
55
What are the dynamic stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?
All muscles that cross the elbow joint
56
What structures limit motion when the elbow is resting in extension?
Anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, olecranon process, and secondary elbow muscles
57
What structures limit motion when the elbow is resting in flexion?
Posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, posterior joint capsule, and soft tissue
58
Where is the interosseus membrane?
Between the radius and ulna
59
What is the function of the interosseus membrane?
Disperse forces between the radius and ulna
60
What are the three parts of the interosseus membrane?
Central band, oblique band, distal oblique fibers
61
What happens when force is applied to the radial collateral ligament?
Interosseus membrane is pulled taut, most of the force is through the humeroulnar joint
62
What is the carrying angle?
Lateral deviation of the ulna relative to the humerus that exists because movement at the humeroulnar joint is not purely horizontal
63
What is the typical degree of the carrying angle in males?
5-10 degrees
64
What is the typical degree of the carrying angle in females?
10-15 degrees
65
What is another name for carrying angle?
Cubitus Valgus
66
What is it called when your carrying angle is greater than normal?
Excessive cubitus valgus
67
What is it called when your carrying angle is less than normal?
Cubitus Varus
68
What are the two joints of the wrist?
Radiocarpal, Midcarpal
69
What bones are included in the radiocarpal joint?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Radius
70
What bones are included in the midcarpal joint?
Capitate, Lunate, Scaphoid
71
What are two other ways to describe the anterior part of the wrist?
Palmar, volar
72
What is another way to describe the posterior aspect of the wrist?
Dorsal
73
What bones make up the proximal row of the carpals?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
74
What bones make up the distal row of carpal bones?
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
75
What is a FOOSH?
Fall on an outstretched hand
76
Why do we have more ulnar deviation than radial deviation?
More space in the ulnocarpal space, and the proximal row is looser than the distal row
77
What is the TFCC?
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
78
What is the purpose of the TFCC?
Binds the distal radius to the ulna while allowing the radius and attached hand to rotate around the ulna
79
What is the axis of rotation in the wrist?
Center of the capitate
80
What is the axis and plane for flexion/extension of the wrist?
M/L axis, Sagittal plane
81
In general, what are the arthrokinematics of the wrist?
Distal segment on proximal segment
81
What is the axis and plane for ulnar/radial deviation of the wrist?
A/P Axis, Frontal plate
82
Which part of the wrist is convex?
Distal
83
Which part of the wrist is concave?
Proximal
84
Which direction does the wrist roll and slide during movements?
Opposite directions
85
At which joint is the more radial and ulnar deviation; midcarpal or radiocarpal?
More at the midcarpal
86
What other motion is combined with radial deviation?
Slight extension
87
What other motion is combined with ulnar deviation?
Slight flexion
88
Which way do the carpals roll in radial and ulnar deviation?
Roll to radial side
89
Which way do the carpals slide during radial and ulnar deviation?
Slide to the ulnar slide
90
Which side of the forearm are the wrist extensors?
Posterior side of the forearm
91
Do the wrist extensors act at the hand or only the wrist?
Only the wrist
92
In how many planes do the wrist extensors produce torque?
Two planes
93
What is needed to produce pure single plane movement of the wrist extensors?
A neutralizer
94
What muscles are on the anterior side of the forearm?
Flexors and pronators
95
Do wrist flexors and pronators work at only the wrist or do some work on the fingers?
Some work on fingers too
96
How many planes do the flexors produce torque in?
2
97
How do the wrist flexors produce movement in two planes?
FCU flees and ulnar deviates wrist unless it is stabilized by FCR
98
What is needed to produce pure single plane movement in the wrist flexors?
Neutralizer
99
What are the two things the hands are good for?
Manipulation and Exploration
100
What are the 3 arches of the hand?
Longitudinal, Proximal Transverse, Distal Transverse

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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