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Functional Anatomy > Exam 2 - Elbow, Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Elbow, Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three bones in the elbow and forearm?

A

Humerus, Radius, Ulna

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2
Q

What are the four articulations in the elbow and forearm?

A

Humeroradial Joint, Humeroulnar Joint, Proximal radioulnar joint, distal radioulnar joint

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3
Q

What is the elbow joint technically considered and why?

A

Trochogingylmoid Joint since it is a hinge and pivot joint

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4
Q

What two parts of the distal humerus articulate with the radius?

A

Capitellum and Radial Fossa

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5
Q

What parts of the distal humerus articulates with the ulna?

A

Trochlea, Coronoid Fossa, Olecranon Fossa

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6
Q

What part of the radius articulates with the humerus?

A

Radial head and fovea

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7
Q

What is different about the articulation of the radius with the humerus?

A

Both parts are concave

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8
Q

What parts of the radius articulates with the ulna?

A

Radial head, ulnar notch and styloid process

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9
Q

What parts of the ulna articulates with the humerus?

A

Trochlear Notch, Olecranon Process, Coronoid Process

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10
Q

What parts of the ulna articulate with the radius?

A

Radial Notch, Ulnar Head, Styloid Process

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11
Q

In the humeroradial joint, which surface is concave?

A

Radial head

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12
Q

In the humeroradial joint, which surface is convex?

A

Capitellum of humerus

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13
Q

Which surface moves in the humeroradial joint?

A

Concave radial head

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14
Q

Which direction does the radial head roll and slide during open chain flexion at the humeroradial joint?

A

Anteriorly

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15
Q

Which direction does the radial head roll and slide during open chain extension at the humeroradial joint?

A

Posteriorly

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16
Q

Which direction does the radial head spin during open chain supination at the humeroradial joint?

A

Posteriorly

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17
Q

What direction does the radial head spin during open chain pronation of the humeroradial joint?

A

Anteriorly

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18
Q

Which surface is concave in the humeroulnar joint?

A

Trochlear notch

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19
Q

Which surface is convex in the humeroulnar joint?

A

Trochlea

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20
Q

Which surface moves in the humeroulnar joint?

A

Concave trochlear notch

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21
Q

Which direction does the trochlear notch roll and slide during open chain flexion or the humeroulnar joint?

A

Anteriorly

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22
Q

Which direction does the trochlear notch roll and slide during open chain extension of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Posteriorly

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23
Q

Which surface is concave in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial notch

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24
Q

Which surface is convex in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Medial portion of the radial head

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25
Q

Which surface moves in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Convex medial portion of the radial head

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26
Q

Which direction does the medial portion of the radial head roll during open chain supination?

A

Posteriorly

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27
Q

Which direction does the medial portion of the radial head roll during open chain pronation?

A

Anteriorly

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28
Q

Which surface is concave in the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar notch of radius

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29
Q

Which surface is convex in the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar head

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30
Q

Which surface moves in the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Concave ulnar notch

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31
Q

Which direction does the concave ulnar notch roll and slide during open chain supination at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Posteriorly

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32
Q

Which direction does the ulnar notch of the radius roll and slide during open chain pronation at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Anteriorly

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33
Q

What muscles flex the elbow?

A

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres

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34
Q

What nerve innervates the Biceps Brachii muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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35
Q

What elbow flexor crosses two joints?

A

Biceps Brachii

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36
Q

What nerve innervates the brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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37
Q

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

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38
Q

What muscle innervates the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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39
Q

What muscles extend the elbow?

A

Triceps Brachii, Anconeus

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40
Q

What nerve innervates the elbow extensors?

A

Radial nerve

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41
Q

What are the primary muscles that pronate the forearm?

A

Pronator Teres, Pronator quadratus

42
Q

What nerve innervates the primary muscles that pronate the forearm?

A

Median nerve

43
Q

What are the secondary muscles that pronate the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, brachioradialis

44
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

45
Q

What nerve innervates the palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve

46
Q

When does the brachioradlis assist in pronation?

A

If the forearm is already supinated

47
Q

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

48
Q

What are the primary muscles that supinate the forearm?

A

Supinator, Biceps Brachii

49
Q

What nerve innervates the supinator?

A

Radial nerve

50
Q

What are the secondary muscles that supinate the forearm?

A

Radial wrist extensors, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, brachioradialis

51
Q

What nerve innervates the secondary muscles that supinate the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

52
Q

When does the brachioradialis assist in supination of the forearm?

A

If the forearm is already pronated

53
Q

What are the primary static stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Humeroulnar joint, anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament

54
Q

What are the secondary static stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Humeroradial joint, common flexor and extensor tendons, joint capsule

55
Q

What are the dynamic stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?

A

All muscles that cross the elbow joint

56
Q

What structures limit motion when the elbow is resting in extension?

A

Anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, olecranon process, and secondary elbow muscles

57
Q

What structures limit motion when the elbow is resting in flexion?

A

Posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, posterior joint capsule, and soft tissue

58
Q

Where is the interosseus membrane?

A

Between the radius and ulna

59
Q

What is the function of the interosseus membrane?

A

Disperse forces between the radius and ulna

60
Q

What are the three parts of the interosseus membrane?

A

Central band, oblique band, distal oblique fibers

61
Q

What happens when force is applied to the radial collateral ligament?

A

Interosseus membrane is pulled taut, most of the force is through the humeroulnar joint

62
Q

What is the carrying angle?

A

Lateral deviation of the ulna relative to the humerus that exists because movement at the humeroulnar joint is not purely horizontal

63
Q

What is the typical degree of the carrying angle in males?

A

5-10 degrees

64
Q

What is the typical degree of the carrying angle in females?

A

10-15 degrees

65
Q

What is another name for carrying angle?

A

Cubitus Valgus

66
Q

What is it called when your carrying angle is greater than normal?

A

Excessive cubitus valgus

67
Q

What is it called when your carrying angle is less than normal?

A

Cubitus Varus

68
Q

What are the two joints of the wrist?

A

Radiocarpal, Midcarpal

69
Q

What bones are included in the radiocarpal joint?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Radius

70
Q

What bones are included in the midcarpal joint?

A

Capitate, Lunate, Scaphoid

71
Q

What are two other ways to describe the anterior part of the wrist?

A

Palmar, volar

72
Q

What is another way to describe the posterior aspect of the wrist?

A

Dorsal

73
Q

What bones make up the proximal row of the carpals?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

74
Q

What bones make up the distal row of carpal bones?

A

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

75
Q

What is a FOOSH?

A

Fall on an outstretched hand

76
Q

Why do we have more ulnar deviation than radial deviation?

A

More space in the ulnocarpal space, and the proximal row is looser than the distal row

77
Q

What is the TFCC?

A

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

78
Q

What is the purpose of the TFCC?

A

Binds the distal radius to the ulna while allowing the radius and attached hand to rotate around the ulna

79
Q

What is the axis of rotation in the wrist?

A

Center of the capitate

80
Q

What is the axis and plane for flexion/extension of the wrist?

A

M/L axis, Sagittal plane

81
Q

In general, what are the arthrokinematics of the wrist?

A

Distal segment on proximal segment

81
Q

What is the axis and plane for ulnar/radial deviation of the wrist?

A

A/P Axis, Frontal plate

82
Q

Which part of the wrist is convex?

A

Distal

83
Q

Which part of the wrist is concave?

A

Proximal

84
Q

Which direction does the wrist roll and slide during movements?

A

Opposite directions

85
Q

At which joint is the more radial and ulnar deviation; midcarpal or radiocarpal?

A

More at the midcarpal

86
Q

What other motion is combined with radial deviation?

A

Slight extension

87
Q

What other motion is combined with ulnar deviation?

A

Slight flexion

88
Q

Which way do the carpals roll in radial and ulnar deviation?

A

Roll to radial side

89
Q

Which way do the carpals slide during radial and ulnar deviation?

A

Slide to the ulnar slide

90
Q

Which side of the forearm are the wrist extensors?

A

Posterior side of the forearm

91
Q

Do the wrist extensors act at the hand or only the wrist?

A

Only the wrist

92
Q

In how many planes do the wrist extensors produce torque?

A

Two planes

93
Q

What is needed to produce pure single plane movement of the wrist extensors?

A

A neutralizer

94
Q

What muscles are on the anterior side of the forearm?

A

Flexors and pronators

95
Q

Do wrist flexors and pronators work at only the wrist or do some work on the fingers?

A

Some work on fingers too

96
Q

How many planes do the flexors produce torque in?

A

2

97
Q

How do the wrist flexors produce movement in two planes?

A

FCU flees and ulnar deviates wrist unless it is stabilized by FCR

98
Q

What is needed to produce pure single plane movement in the wrist flexors?

A

Neutralizer

99
Q

What are the two things the hands are good for?

A

Manipulation and Exploration

100
Q

What are the 3 arches of the hand?

A

Longitudinal, Proximal Transverse, Distal Transverse

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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