Exam 2 - Elbow, Wrist and Hand

Question 1

What are the three bones in the elbow and forearm?

Answer 1

Humerus, Radius, Ulna

Question 2

What are the four articulations in the elbow and forearm?

Answer 2

Humeroradial Joint, Humeroulnar Joint, Proximal radioulnar joint, distal radioulnar joint

Question 3

What is the elbow joint technically considered and why?

Answer 3

Trochogingylmoid Joint since it is a hinge and pivot joint

Question 4

What two parts of the distal humerus articulate with the radius?

Answer 4

Capitellum and Radial Fossa

Question 5

What parts of the distal humerus articulates with the ulna?

Answer 5

Trochlea, Coronoid Fossa, Olecranon Fossa

Question 6

What part of the radius articulates with the humerus?

Answer 6

Radial head and fovea

Question 7

What is different about the articulation of the radius with the humerus?

Answer 7

Both parts are concave

Question 8

What parts of the radius articulates with the ulna?

Answer 8

Radial head, ulnar notch and styloid process

Question 9

What parts of the ulna articulates with the humerus?

Answer 9

Trochlear Notch, Olecranon Process, Coronoid Process

Question 10

What parts of the ulna articulate with the radius?

Answer 10

Radial Notch, Ulnar Head, Styloid Process

Question 11

In the humeroradial joint, which surface is concave?

Answer 11

Radial head

Question 12

In the humeroradial joint, which surface is convex?

Answer 12

Capitellum of humerus

Question 13

Which surface moves in the humeroradial joint?

Answer 13

Concave radial head

Question 14

Which direction does the radial head roll and slide during open chain flexion at the humeroradial joint?

Answer 14

Anteriorly

Question 15

Which direction does the radial head roll and slide during open chain extension at the humeroradial joint?

Answer 15

Posteriorly

Question 16

Which direction does the radial head spin during open chain supination at the humeroradial joint?

Answer 16

Posteriorly

Question 17

What direction does the radial head spin during open chain pronation of the humeroradial joint?

Answer 17

Anteriorly

Question 18

Which surface is concave in the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 18

Trochlear notch

Question 19

Which surface is convex in the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 19

Trochlea

Question 20

Which surface moves in the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 20

Concave trochlear notch

Question 21

Which direction does the trochlear notch roll and slide during open chain flexion or the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 21

Anteriorly

Question 22

Which direction does the trochlear notch roll and slide during open chain extension of the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 22

Posteriorly

Question 23

Which surface is concave in the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 23

Radial notch

Question 24

Which surface is convex in the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 24

Medial portion of the radial head

Question 25

Which surface moves in the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 25

Convex medial portion of the radial head

Question 26

Which direction does the medial portion of the radial head roll during open chain supination?

Answer 26

Posteriorly

Question 27

Which direction does the medial portion of the radial head roll during open chain pronation?

Answer 27

Anteriorly

Question 28

Which surface is concave in the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 28

Ulnar notch of radius

Question 29

Which surface is convex in the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 29

Ulnar head

Question 30

Which surface moves in the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 30

Concave ulnar notch

Question 31

Which direction does the concave ulnar notch roll and slide during open chain supination at the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 31

Posteriorly

Question 32

Which direction does the ulnar notch of the radius roll and slide during open chain pronation at the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 32

Anteriorly

Question 33

What muscles flex the elbow?

Answer 33

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Pronator Teres

Question 34

What nerve innervates the Biceps Brachii muscle?

Answer 34

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Question 35

What elbow flexor crosses two joints?

Answer 35

Biceps Brachii

Question 36

What nerve innervates the brachialis?

Answer 36

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Question 37

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

Answer 37

Radial nerve

Question 38

What muscle innervates the pronator teres?

Answer 38

Median nerve

Question 39

What muscles extend the elbow?

Answer 39

Triceps Brachii, Anconeus

Question 40

What nerve innervates the elbow extensors?

Answer 40

Radial nerve

Question 41

What are the primary muscles that pronate the forearm?

Answer 41

Pronator Teres, Pronator quadratus

Question 42

What nerve innervates the primary muscles that pronate the forearm?

Answer 42

Median nerve

Question 43

What are the secondary muscles that pronate the forearm?

Answer 43

Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, brachioradialis

Question 44

What nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 44

Median nerve

Question 45

What nerve innervates the palmaris longus?

Answer 45

Median nerve

Question 46

When does the brachioradlis assist in pronation?

Answer 46

If the forearm is already supinated

Question 47

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

Answer 47

Radial nerve

Question 48

What are the primary muscles that supinate the forearm?

Answer 48

Supinator, Biceps Brachii

Question 49

What nerve innervates the supinator?

Answer 49

Radial nerve

Question 50

What are the secondary muscles that supinate the forearm?

Answer 50

Radial wrist extensors, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, brachioradialis

Question 51

What nerve innervates the secondary muscles that supinate the forearm?

Answer 51

Radial nerve

Question 52

When does the brachioradialis assist in supination of the forearm?

Answer 52

If the forearm is already pronated

Question 53

What are the primary static stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 53

Humeroulnar joint, anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament

Question 54

What are the secondary static stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 54

Humeroradial joint, common flexor and extensor tendons, joint capsule

Question 55

What are the dynamic stabilizers of the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 55

All muscles that cross the elbow joint

Question 56

What structures limit motion when the elbow is resting in extension?

Answer 56

Anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, olecranon process, and secondary elbow muscles

Question 57

What structures limit motion when the elbow is resting in flexion?

Answer 57

Posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament, posterior joint capsule, and soft tissue

Question 58

Where is the interosseus membrane?

Answer 58

Between the radius and ulna

Question 59

What is the function of the interosseus membrane?

Answer 59

Disperse forces between the radius and ulna

Question 60

What are the three parts of the interosseus membrane?

Answer 60

Central band, oblique band, distal oblique fibers

Question 61

What happens when force is applied to the radial collateral ligament?

Answer 61

Interosseus membrane is pulled taut, most of the force is through the humeroulnar joint

Question 62

What is the carrying angle?

Answer 62

Lateral deviation of the ulna relative to the humerus that exists because movement at the humeroulnar joint is not purely horizontal

Question 63

What is the typical degree of the carrying angle in males?

Answer 63

5-10 degrees

Question 64

What is the typical degree of the carrying angle in females?

Answer 64

10-15 degrees

Question 65

What is another name for carrying angle?

Answer 65

Cubitus Valgus

Question 66

What is it called when your carrying angle is greater than normal?

Answer 66

Excessive cubitus valgus

Question 67

What is it called when your carrying angle is less than normal?

Answer 67

Cubitus Varus

Question 68

What are the two joints of the wrist?

Answer 68

Radiocarpal, Midcarpal

Question 69

What bones are included in the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 69

Scaphoid, Lunate, Radius

Question 70

What bones are included in the midcarpal joint?

Answer 70

Capitate, Lunate, Scaphoid

Question 71

What are two other ways to describe the anterior part of the wrist?

Answer 71

Palmar, volar

Question 72

What is another way to describe the posterior aspect of the wrist?

Answer 72

Dorsal

Question 73

What bones make up the proximal row of the carpals?

Answer 73

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

Question 74

What bones make up the distal row of carpal bones?

Answer 74

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Question 75

What is a FOOSH?

Answer 75

Fall on an outstretched hand

Question 76

Why do we have more ulnar deviation than radial deviation?

Answer 76

More space in the ulnocarpal space, and the proximal row is looser than the distal row

Question 77

What is the TFCC?

Answer 77

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

Question 78

What is the purpose of the TFCC?

Answer 78

Binds the distal radius to the ulna while allowing the radius and attached hand to rotate around the ulna

Question 79

What is the axis of rotation in the wrist?

Answer 79

Center of the capitate

Question 80

What is the axis and plane for flexion/extension of the wrist?

Answer 80

M/L axis, Sagittal plane

Question 81

In general, what are the arthrokinematics of the wrist?

Answer 81

Distal segment on proximal segment

Question 81

What is the axis and plane for ulnar/radial deviation of the wrist?

Answer 81

A/P Axis, Frontal plate

Question 82

Which part of the wrist is convex?

Answer 82

Distal

Question 83

Which part of the wrist is concave?

Answer 83

Proximal

Question 84

Which direction does the wrist roll and slide during movements?

Answer 84

Opposite directions

Question 85

At which joint is the more radial and ulnar deviation; midcarpal or radiocarpal?

Answer 85

More at the midcarpal

Question 86

What other motion is combined with radial deviation?

Answer 86

Slight extension

Question 87

What other motion is combined with ulnar deviation?

Answer 87

Slight flexion

Question 88

Which way do the carpals roll in radial and ulnar deviation?

Answer 88

Roll to radial side

Question 89

Which way do the carpals slide during radial and ulnar deviation?

Answer 89

Slide to the ulnar slide

Question 90

Which side of the forearm are the wrist extensors?

Answer 90

Posterior side of the forearm

Question 91

Do the wrist extensors act at the hand or only the wrist?

Answer 91

Only the wrist

Question 92

In how many planes do the wrist extensors produce torque?

Answer 92

Two planes

Question 93

What is needed to produce pure single plane movement of the wrist extensors?

Answer 93

A neutralizer

Question 94

What muscles are on the anterior side of the forearm?

Answer 94

Flexors and pronators

Question 95

Do wrist flexors and pronators work at only the wrist or do some work on the fingers?

Answer 95

Some work on fingers too

Question 96

How many planes do the flexors produce torque in?

Answer 96

2

Question 97

How do the wrist flexors produce movement in two planes?

Answer 97

FCU flees and ulnar deviates wrist unless it is stabilized by FCR

Question 98

What is needed to produce pure single plane movement in the wrist flexors?

Answer 98

Neutralizer

Question 99

What are the two things the hands are good for?

Answer 99

Manipulation and Exploration

Question 100

What are the 3 arches of the hand?

Answer 100

Longitudinal, Proximal Transverse, Distal Transverse