Exam 2 - Shoulder Flashcards
1
Q
What bones are included in the shoulder complex?
A
Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum, Humerus
2
Q
What joints are included in the shoulder?
A
Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, Scapulo-thoracic, Glenohumeral
3
Q
What is the shoulder complex for?
A
Mobility and motion
4
Q
What is the purpose of the shoulder complex?
A
Keep the Glenoid in the Glenoid fossa
5
Q
What are the three parts of the sternum?
A
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process
6
Q
What ribs are connected to the sternum?
A
1, 2, 3-7
7
Q
Where is the clavicle convex?
A
Medially
8
Q
Where is the clavicle concave?
A
Laterally
9
Q
What is the orientation of the clavicle?
A
20 degrees behind the true frontal plane
10
Q
How is the glenoid fossa oriented?
A
Face upward, 4 degrees up and 35 degrees anterior from frontal plane
11
Q
Where is the scapular plane located, in terms of the frontal plane?
A
35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane
12
Q
How is the glenoid oriented?
A
Oriented 35 degrees anterior, not in the pure frontal plane
13
Q
What is the angle of inclincation?
A
An angle between the head of the humerus and the shaft of the humerus
14
Q
What is the normal angle of inclincation?
A
135 degrees
15
Q
How is the head of the humerus oriented?
A
30 degrees posteriorly
16
Q
In the glenohumeral joint, what is the convex surface?
A
Head of the humerus
17
Q
In the glenohumeral joint, what surface is concave?
A
Glenoid fossa
18
Q
What is the anterior stabilizer of the sternoclavicular joint?
A
Sternocleidomastoid
19
Q
What are the posterior stabilizers of the sternoclavicular joint?
A
Sternothyroid and sternohyoid
20
Q
What is the inferior stabilizer of the sternoclavicular joint?
A
Subclavius
21
Q
What ligaments stabilize the sternoclavicular joint?
A
Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament, Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament, Interclavicular Ligament and Articular Disc
22
Q
What does the interclavicular ligament connect?
A
Both clavicles
23
Q
What does the costoclavicular ligament stabilize?
A
Stabilizes the SC joint during all motions except clavicular depression
24
Q
What are the five motions allowed at the sternoclavicular joint?
A
Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Posterior Rotation
25
What is the primary purpose of the sternoclavicular joint?
To place the scapula in an optimal position to accept the head of the humerus
26
What type of joint is the clavicle and sternum?
Saddle joint
27
Where is the clavicle concave?
Anterior and Posterior
28
Where is the clavicle convex?
Superior/Inferior
29
Where is the sternal portion of the sternoclavicular joint convex?
Anterior/Posterior
30
Where is the sternal portion of the sternoclavicular joint concave?
Superior/Inferior
31
Which surface moves in the sternoclavicular joint?
Convex clavicle
32
Where does the sternoclavicular joint roll and slide in elevation and depression?
Opposite directions
33
What surface moves during sternoclavicular protraction and retraction?
Concave clavicle
34
Which direction does the sternoclavicular joint roll and slide during protraction/retraction?
Roll and slide in the same direction
35
Which motion in the sternoclavicular joint cannot be done independently?
Axial rotation
36
What happens to the sternoclavicular joint when the arm is raised?
The superior aspect of the clavicle rotates posteriorly about 20-35 degrees
37
What ligaments stabilize the acromioclavicular joint?
Capsule, Superior AC Joint Ligament, Inferior AC Joint ligament, Coracoclavicular ligament, articular disc
38
What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?
Trapezoid and Conoid
39
Why is the coracoclavicular ligament so important?
This ligament suspends UE
40
What are the osteokinematics and arthrokinematics for the acromioclavicular joint?
NONE. Plane joint
41
What motions are combined with scapulo-thoracic elevation?
Elevation at the Sternoclavicular joint and downward rotation at the Acromioclavicular ligament
42
What axis and plane do all motions in scapulo-thoracic elevation and depression act in?
A/P axis in the frontal plane
43
What two motions are combined with Scapulo-thoracic protraction and retraction?
Protraction at sternoclavicular joint and slight internal rotation at the acromioclavicular joint
44
What plane and axis does protraction and retraction at the scapulothoracic joint act in?
Horizontal plane, S/I axis
45
What two movements are combined in upward and downward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint?
elevation of the sternoclavicular joint and upward rotation of the acromioclavicular joint
46
What plane and axis do the motions involved in scapulothoracic upward and downward rotation occur in?
A/P axis in the frontal plane
47
What structures reinforce/deepen the glenohumeral joint?
Joint capsule, Capsular Ligaments, Coracohumeral Ligament, Long head of Biceps Brachii, Glenoid Labrum, Rotator Cuff Muscles, Scapulo-thoracic posture, negative intrascapular pressure
48
Which surface is convex in the glenohumeral joint?
Convex humerus
49
Which surface is concave in the glenohumeral joint?
Concave glenoid
50
What are the four capsular ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?
Superior Glenohumeral Ligament, Middle Glenohumeral Ligament, Inferior Gleonumeral Ligament, Coracohumeral Ligament
51
When is the superior glenohumeral ligament taut?
End range Adduction
52
What does the superior glenohumeral ligament prevent?
Inferior and anterior humeral head translation
53
What does the middle glenohumeral joint limit?
End range External rotation
54
What are the three sections of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?
Anterior, Posterior, Axillary Pouch
55
Which end of the inferior glenohumeral ligament is the strongest and thickest?
Anterior End
56
What does the anterior end of the inferior glenohumeral ligament resist?
Anterior humeral head translation in abducted and neutral position
57
When is the inferior glenohumeral ligament taut?
90 degrees of abduction
58
What is the purpose of the axillary pouch?
Support humeral head
59
What does the axillary pouch resist?
Inferior and anterior posterior translation of the humeral head
60
What is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament?
Strengthens the capsule
61
What does the coracohumeral ligament blend with?
Superior capsule and supraspinatus tendon
62
When is the coracohumeral ligament taut?
Adduction
63
What does the coracohumeral ligament restrain?
Inferior translation and humeral head external rotation
64
What does the rotator cuff muscles do, in terms of the glenoid?
Reinforces and deepens the glenohumeral joint
65
What is the acronym for the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS
66
What type of stabilizer is the rotator cuff?
Dynamic stabilizer
67
What does the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles blend into?
The joint capsule
68
What does contraction of the rotator cuff muscles do to the humeral head?
Stabilizes and centralizes the humeral head in the fossa
69
What does the long head of the biceps brachii do to the GH joint?
Reinforces and deepens the joint
70
Where does the long head of the biceps brachii cross?
Superior to the humeral head
71
What does the long head of the biceps brachii restrict?
Anterior humeral head translation and superior humeral head migration
72
What does the glenoid labrum do to the glenohumeral joint?
Reinforces and deepens
73
What lines the glenoid labrum?
Fibrocartilage ring
74
What is the purpose of the glenoid labrum?
Increases contact area of the fossa with the humeral head and helps stabilize the GH joint
75
What movements are allowed at the glenohumeral joint?
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction, scaption
76
What part of the glenohumeral joint is convex?
Humerus
77
What part of the glenohumeral joint is concave?
Glenoid
78
What arthrokinematic movement happens in flexion/extetnsion?
Spin
79
What two joints are included in glenohumeral flexion?
120 degrees of GH flexion, 60 degrees of ST flexion
80
What is the ROM norms for passive GH extension?
65 degrees
81
What is the ROM norms for active GH extension?
80 degrees
82
Which direction does the humerus roll and slide in the GH joint?
Rolls and slides in opposite directions
83
How many degrees of abduction does the glenohumeral joint have?
120 degrees
84
What is scapulo-humeral rhythm?
The combination of GH abduction and ST upward rotation to achieve 180 degrees of shoulder abduction
85
Where is the subacromial bursa located?
In subacromial space
86
What is the function of the subacromial bursa?
To protect the supraspinatus muscle and tendon from the AC joint
87
What is the other bursa in the shoulder that is an extension of the subacromial bursa?
Subdeltoid Bursa
88
What is the function of the subdeltoid bursa?
Limits friction between deltoid, supraspinatus and humeral head
89
What three muscles of the rotator cuff are external rotators?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
90
What muscle of the rotator cuff is an internal rotator?
Subscapularis
91
What does supraspinatus control in regards to the humeral head during abduction?
Controls superior roll
92
What does supraspinatis stabilize during abduction?
The humeral head against the glenoid fossa
93
What does the supraspinatus restrict during abduction?
Excessive superior humeral translation
94
What does the supraspinatus do to the superior capsule during abduction?
Pulls it taut to protect against impingement
95
What does the infraspinatus and teres minor do during abduction?
Externally rotate humerus
96
What muscles are elevators of the scapulothoracic joint?
Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
97
What muscles are depressors of the scapulothoracic joint?
Lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis minor, subclavius
98
What muscle is a protractor of the scapulothoracic joint?
Serratus anterior
99
What muscles are retractors of the scapulothoracic joint?
Middle trapezius, rhomboids, and lower trapezius
100
What muscles are upward rotators of the scapulothoracic joint?
Serratus Anterior, Upper trapezius, Lower trapezius
101
What muscles are downward rotators of the scapulothoracic joint?
Rhomboids, Pectoralis Major
102
What are the three groups of muscles that work together to elevate the arm?
Muscles that elevate (flex or abduct), scapular muscles, rotator cuff muscles
103
What does the scapular muscles complete with elevation of the arm?
Control upward rotation of the scapula
104
What do rotator cuff muscles do when the arm is being elevated?
Muscles control dynamic stability and arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint
105
What muscles extend or adduct the shoulder at the glenohumeral joint?
Posterior Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of the triceps bracii, sternocostal head of pectoralis major
106
What are the prime movers of extension or adduction at the GH joint?
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Sternocostal head of the pectoralis major
107
What muscles internally rotate the glenohumeral joint?
Subscapularis, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid
108
What are the prime movers of internal rotation at the glenohumeral joint?
Teres Major, Latisismus Dorsi
109
What muscles externally rotate at the glenohumeral joint?
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Posterior Deltoid
110
What are the prime movers of external rotation at the glenohumeral joint?
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
