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Functional Anatomy > Exam 2 - Shoulder > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are included in the shoulder complex?

A

Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum, Humerus

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2
Q

What joints are included in the shoulder?

A

Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, Scapulo-thoracic, Glenohumeral

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3
Q

What is the shoulder complex for?

A

Mobility and motion

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the shoulder complex?

A

Keep the Glenoid in the Glenoid fossa

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

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6
Q

What ribs are connected to the sternum?

A

1, 2, 3-7

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7
Q

Where is the clavicle convex?

A

Medially

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8
Q

Where is the clavicle concave?

A

Laterally

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the clavicle?

A

20 degrees behind the true frontal plane

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10
Q

How is the glenoid fossa oriented?

A

Face upward, 4 degrees up and 35 degrees anterior from frontal plane

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11
Q

Where is the scapular plane located, in terms of the frontal plane?

A

35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane

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12
Q

How is the glenoid oriented?

A

Oriented 35 degrees anterior, not in the pure frontal plane

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13
Q

What is the angle of inclincation?

A

An angle between the head of the humerus and the shaft of the humerus

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14
Q

What is the normal angle of inclincation?

A

135 degrees

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15
Q

How is the head of the humerus oriented?

A

30 degrees posteriorly

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16
Q

In the glenohumeral joint, what is the convex surface?

A

Head of the humerus

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17
Q

In the glenohumeral joint, what surface is concave?

A

Glenoid fossa

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18
Q

What is the anterior stabilizer of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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19
Q

What are the posterior stabilizers of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Sternothyroid and sternohyoid

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20
Q

What is the inferior stabilizer of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Subclavius

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21
Q

What ligaments stabilize the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament, Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament, Interclavicular Ligament and Articular Disc

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22
Q

What does the interclavicular ligament connect?

A

Both clavicles

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23
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament stabilize?

A

Stabilizes the SC joint during all motions except clavicular depression

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24
Q

What are the five motions allowed at the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, Posterior Rotation

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25
Q

What is the primary purpose of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

To place the scapula in an optimal position to accept the head of the humerus

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26
Q

What type of joint is the clavicle and sternum?

A

Saddle joint

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27
Q

Where is the clavicle concave?

A

Anterior and Posterior

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28
Q

Where is the clavicle convex?

A

Superior/Inferior

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29
Q

Where is the sternal portion of the sternoclavicular joint convex?

A

Anterior/Posterior

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30
Q

Where is the sternal portion of the sternoclavicular joint concave?

A

Superior/Inferior

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31
Q

Which surface moves in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Convex clavicle

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32
Q

Where does the sternoclavicular joint roll and slide in elevation and depression?

A

Opposite directions

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33
Q

What surface moves during sternoclavicular protraction and retraction?

A

Concave clavicle

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34
Q

Which direction does the sternoclavicular joint roll and slide during protraction/retraction?

A

Roll and slide in the same direction

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35
Q

Which motion in the sternoclavicular joint cannot be done independently?

A

Axial rotation

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36
Q

What happens to the sternoclavicular joint when the arm is raised?

A

The superior aspect of the clavicle rotates posteriorly about 20-35 degrees

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37
Q

What ligaments stabilize the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Capsule, Superior AC Joint Ligament, Inferior AC Joint ligament, Coracoclavicular ligament, articular disc

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38
Q

What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

Trapezoid and Conoid

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39
Q

Why is the coracoclavicular ligament so important?

A

This ligament suspends UE

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40
Q

What are the osteokinematics and arthrokinematics for the acromioclavicular joint?

A

NONE. Plane joint

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41
Q

What motions are combined with scapulo-thoracic elevation?

A

Elevation at the Sternoclavicular joint and downward rotation at the Acromioclavicular ligament

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42
Q

What axis and plane do all motions in scapulo-thoracic elevation and depression act in?

A

A/P axis in the frontal plane

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43
Q

What two motions are combined with Scapulo-thoracic protraction and retraction?

A

Protraction at sternoclavicular joint and slight internal rotation at the acromioclavicular joint

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44
Q

What plane and axis does protraction and retraction at the scapulothoracic joint act in?

A

Horizontal plane, S/I axis

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45
Q

What two movements are combined in upward and downward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

elevation of the sternoclavicular joint and upward rotation of the acromioclavicular joint

46
Q

What plane and axis do the motions involved in scapulothoracic upward and downward rotation occur in?

A

A/P axis in the frontal plane

47
Q

What structures reinforce/deepen the glenohumeral joint?

A

Joint capsule, Capsular Ligaments, Coracohumeral Ligament, Long head of Biceps Brachii, Glenoid Labrum, Rotator Cuff Muscles, Scapulo-thoracic posture, negative intrascapular pressure

48
Q

Which surface is convex in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Convex humerus

49
Q

Which surface is concave in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Concave glenoid

50
Q

What are the four capsular ligaments in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Superior Glenohumeral Ligament, Middle Glenohumeral Ligament, Inferior Gleonumeral Ligament, Coracohumeral Ligament

51
Q

When is the superior glenohumeral ligament taut?

A

End range Adduction

52
Q

What does the superior glenohumeral ligament prevent?

A

Inferior and anterior humeral head translation

53
Q

What does the middle glenohumeral joint limit?

A

End range External rotation

54
Q

What are the three sections of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

A

Anterior, Posterior, Axillary Pouch

55
Q

Which end of the inferior glenohumeral ligament is the strongest and thickest?

A

Anterior End

56
Q

What does the anterior end of the inferior glenohumeral ligament resist?

A

Anterior humeral head translation in abducted and neutral position

57
Q

When is the inferior glenohumeral ligament taut?

A

90 degrees of abduction

58
Q

What is the purpose of the axillary pouch?

A

Support humeral head

59
Q

What does the axillary pouch resist?

A

Inferior and anterior posterior translation of the humeral head

60
Q

What is the purpose of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Strengthens the capsule

61
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament blend with?

A

Superior capsule and supraspinatus tendon

62
Q

When is the coracohumeral ligament taut?

A

Adduction

63
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament restrain?

A

Inferior translation and humeral head external rotation

64
Q

What does the rotator cuff muscles do, in terms of the glenoid?

A

Reinforces and deepens the glenohumeral joint

65
Q

What is the acronym for the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS

66
Q

What type of stabilizer is the rotator cuff?

A

Dynamic stabilizer

67
Q

What does the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles blend into?

A

The joint capsule

68
Q

What does contraction of the rotator cuff muscles do to the humeral head?

A

Stabilizes and centralizes the humeral head in the fossa

69
Q

What does the long head of the biceps brachii do to the GH joint?

A

Reinforces and deepens the joint

70
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii cross?

A

Superior to the humeral head

71
Q

What does the long head of the biceps brachii restrict?

A

Anterior humeral head translation and superior humeral head migration

72
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do to the glenohumeral joint?

A

Reinforces and deepens

73
Q

What lines the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilage ring

74
Q

What is the purpose of the glenoid labrum?

A

Increases contact area of the fossa with the humeral head and helps stabilize the GH joint

75
Q

What movements are allowed at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction, scaption

76
Q

What part of the glenohumeral joint is convex?

A

Humerus

77
Q

What part of the glenohumeral joint is concave?

A

Glenoid

78
Q

What arthrokinematic movement happens in flexion/extetnsion?

A

Spin

79
Q

What two joints are included in glenohumeral flexion?

A

120 degrees of GH flexion, 60 degrees of ST flexion

80
Q

What is the ROM norms for passive GH extension?

A

65 degrees

81
Q

What is the ROM norms for active GH extension?

A

80 degrees

82
Q

Which direction does the humerus roll and slide in the GH joint?

A

Rolls and slides in opposite directions

83
Q

How many degrees of abduction does the glenohumeral joint have?

A

120 degrees

84
Q

What is scapulo-humeral rhythm?

A

The combination of GH abduction and ST upward rotation to achieve 180 degrees of shoulder abduction

85
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa located?

A

In subacromial space

86
Q

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

A

To protect the supraspinatus muscle and tendon from the AC joint

87
Q

What is the other bursa in the shoulder that is an extension of the subacromial bursa?

A

Subdeltoid Bursa

88
Q

What is the function of the subdeltoid bursa?

A

Limits friction between deltoid, supraspinatus and humeral head

89
Q

What three muscles of the rotator cuff are external rotators?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

90
Q

What muscle of the rotator cuff is an internal rotator?

A

Subscapularis

91
Q

What does supraspinatus control in regards to the humeral head during abduction?

A

Controls superior roll

92
Q

What does supraspinatis stabilize during abduction?

A

The humeral head against the glenoid fossa

93
Q

What does the supraspinatus restrict during abduction?

A

Excessive superior humeral translation

94
Q

What does the supraspinatus do to the superior capsule during abduction?

A

Pulls it taut to protect against impingement

95
Q

What does the infraspinatus and teres minor do during abduction?

A

Externally rotate humerus

96
Q

What muscles are elevators of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids

97
Q

What muscles are depressors of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis minor, subclavius

98
Q

What muscle is a protractor of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Serratus anterior

99
Q

What muscles are retractors of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Middle trapezius, rhomboids, and lower trapezius

100
Q

What muscles are upward rotators of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Serratus Anterior, Upper trapezius, Lower trapezius

101
Q

What muscles are downward rotators of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Rhomboids, Pectoralis Major

102
Q

What are the three groups of muscles that work together to elevate the arm?

A

Muscles that elevate (flex or abduct), scapular muscles, rotator cuff muscles

103
Q

What does the scapular muscles complete with elevation of the arm?

A

Control upward rotation of the scapula

104
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles do when the arm is being elevated?

A

Muscles control dynamic stability and arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint

105
Q

What muscles extend or adduct the shoulder at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Posterior Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of the triceps bracii, sternocostal head of pectoralis major

106
Q

What are the prime movers of extension or adduction at the GH joint?

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Sternocostal head of the pectoralis major

107
Q

What muscles internally rotate the glenohumeral joint?

A

Subscapularis, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid

108
Q

What are the prime movers of internal rotation at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Teres Major, Latisismus Dorsi

109
Q

What muscles externally rotate at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Posterior Deltoid

110
Q

What are the prime movers of external rotation at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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