radiology final Flashcards
well defined hypoechoic nodules <3cm the liver are likely what
cysts.
well defined heterogenous nodule in the liver with hypoglycemia. what is on your differential list
insulinoma of the pancreas with mets to the liver
normal size of the common bile duct
<3mm
the liver should be hyper/hypo echoic compared to the spleen?
liver should be hypoechoic to the spleen.
how can we tell a liver is enlarged on radiographs
look for the gastric axis and rounding of the liver edges
imaging modality of choice for insulinomas
CT
what is the measurement of normal intestinal dilation
<1.6x the height of L5
if you measure an intestinal section that is 2x larger than L5 what are you thinking
likely obstruction
what length of segmental dilation is normal in cats
<12mm
what layers of intestinal lining should be almost the same thickness
muscularis and submucosa
differentials for a thickened muscularis layer
infultrative process: IBD, lymphoma, hypertrophy from chronic inflammation
normal length of a feline kidney
3-4.5cm
normal ureter diameter
1-1.2mm
bilateral nephropathy with subcapsular fluid swelling in a cat. differential list
FIP, renal neoplasia, histo
generally, what is the range of thickness of an adrenal gland
.3-1.2cm
normal thickness of an adrenal gland in a <10kg dog
<6mm
adrenals that are <3mm thick. differential list
addisons, exogenous steroid use
if adrenal is >20mm (2cm) what is your top differential
neoplasia
unilateral enlargement of an adrenal gland is suggestive of a mass. what are your differentials
adenocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma.
bilateral adrenomegaly- top differential
pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism
how would an adrenal tumor differ from hyperplasia
hyperplasia maintains normal shape, borders, and echogenicity
what type of transducer is best for thyroid
high frequency
where is the thyroid located
between the trachea and common carotid
normal appearance of a parathyroid gland
ovoid, hypoechoic 2-3mm. may not be visible in a normal patient
