CBC generals final Flashcards
what things does the liver make? aka what would be decreased in liver injury
glucose, BUN, albumin, cholesterol, coags
what are the hepatocellular liver injury markers`
AST, ALT, SDH
does the degree of liver enzyme increse correlate to the degree of injury?
no. there could be low numbers becuase the liver is dead.
where does increased bilirubin come from - broadly
hemolysis,
fasting in LA
decreased liver function,
biliary obstruction
greater than ___x the reference interval of what WBC marker is considered inflammation
2x the RI of segmented neuts
3x in a cat
if we see mixed cholestatic and liver injury elevation what do we do first
look at degree of elevation to tell us what the primary issue is.
what can a mild CK elevation be from
traumatic venipuncture
inc glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. what can cause all three to be increased
DM, cushings, acute pancreatitis, hypothyroid
if we see low calcium, what do we do
check albumin. it is protein bound and will move with it.
what causes a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
look to UA for renal tubular acidosis or secretional acidosis- diarrhea
what blood smear finding is normal and standard to see in goats
acanthocytes and keratocytes
pan hypoproteinemia
think PLE or hemorrhage (look for regenerative anemia)
echinocytes and acanthocytes in a dog. what are common differentials for RBC fragmentation
DIC, hepatic disease, microvascular trauma-neoplasia
what causes hyperphosphatemia
decreased GFR or diffuse enteric disease
inflammatory leukogram with a degenerative left shift
overwhelming inflammation or possible sepsis
what level of functional loss does a SDMA require
> 40% functional loss
how to differentiate azotemias
dehydration/rehydrate them
check USG in light of hydration status
look for obstructive CS
how does addisons cause PU/PD
nephrogenic DI, also hypercalcemia causing impairment of urine concentrating ability
what is USG measuring
the kidneys ability to concentrate and dilute the urine. isosthenuria is a sign of loss of function.
what are 3 common causes of proteinuria
hemolysis, glomerular disease, LUT signs
with evidence of cholestasis, what should the cholesterol be
normal to increased. if this is decreased also think hepatic injury
general list of causes of moderate to marked hypoglycemia in an adult
xylitol, insulinoma, addisons, hepatic failure, sepsis, lactational, iatrogenic
you see proteinuria. when do you not want to run a UPC
when there is a junky urine sediment
what is a random cause of proteinuria that shouldnt be forgotten
fever associated proteinuria. should be mild protein increase
