Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 8 > RADIOLOGY cysts > Flashcards

RADIOLOGY cysts Flashcards

1
Q

what causes radiolucency’s to appear on radiographs?

A

resorption of bone
decreased mineralisation of bone
decreased thickness of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is it important to provide a provisional diagnosis from the radiographic appearance of a cyst/ cyst-like radiolucency?

A

to aid management
- indicates need/type of further investigation
- avoids unnecessary surgery
- prompts urgent management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a cyst?

A

a pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contents and which is not created by accumulation of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the meaning of indolent?

A

no harm to surrounding anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 categories of jaw cysts?

A

odontogenic (90%)
non-odontogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 categories of odontogenic jaw cysts?

A

developmental
inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the types of developmental odontogenic jaw cysts?

A

dentigerous cyst (+ eruption cyst)
odontogenic keratocyst
lateral periodontal cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the types of inflammatory odontogenic jaw cysts?

A

radicular cyst (+residual cyst)
inflammatory collateral cysts (paradental and buccal bifurcation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the common type of developmental non odontogenic jaw cyst?

A

nasopalatine duct cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a common difference seen on a radiograph when comparing OKC and ameloblastoma?

A

ameloblastoma causes displacement of cortices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the first step in differential diagnosis if any lesion?

A

is it anatomical?
is it artefactual?
is it pathological?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 7 categories for describing radiolucency?

A
  1. site
  2. size
  3. shape
  4. margins
  5. internal structure
  6. effect on adjacent anatomy
  7. number
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can be noted when describing the site of a radiolucency?

A

where is it?
- alveolar bone vs basal bone
- where in the jaw

is there notable relationship to another structure?
- teeth (whole tooth, root, apex, follicle)
- IDC
- nasopalatine canal

what is its position relative to particular structures?
- IDC
- maxillary sinus floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if a lesion sits below the IDC or entirely above the sinus floor, what’s it not likely to be?

A

odontogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do you describe the size of a radiolucency?

A

measure (or estimate) dimensions
or
describe the boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you describe the shape of a radiolucency?

A

locularity
- unilocular
- pseudolocular
- multilocular

general
- rounded
- scalloped
- irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do you describe the margins of a radiolucency?

A

well defined and:
1. corticated
2. non corticated
poorly defined and:
3. blending into adjacent normal anatomy
4. ‘ragged’ or ‘moth-eaten’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does a corticated radiolucency suggest?

A

benign lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does a ‘moth-eaten’ radiolucency suggest?

A

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does corticated mean?

A

a thin margin of bone surrounding radiolucency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the margins or cysts usually like?

A

well-defined and corticated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when may the margin of a cyst become poorly defined?

A

if infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how would you describe the internal structure of a cyst like radiolucency?

A
  1. entirely radiolucent
  2. radiolucent with some internal radiopacity
  3. radiopaque

describe any internal radiopacities:
- amount (scant, multiple, dispersed)
- bony septae (thin/ coarse, prominent/ faint, straight/curved)
- particular structure (enamel and dentine radiodensity etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do you describe tooth involvement with a cyst like radiolucency?

A

position:
- around apex/ apices
- at side of root
- around crown
- around entire tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what adjacent anatomy may be affected by cyst like radiolucencies?
teeth bone IDC/ max sinus/ nasal cavity
26
how may teeth be affected by radiolucency?
displacement/ impaction resorption loss of lamina dura widening of PDL space hypercementosis
27
how may bone be affected by radiolucencies?
displacement of cortices perforation of cortices sclerosis of trabecular bone
28
how may the IDC/ max sinus/ nasal cavity be affected by radiolucencies?
displaced eroded compressed
29
what may you suspect if there are multiple lesions?
a syndrome
30
what are potential causes of "periapical radiolucencies"?
periapical granuloma periapical abscess radicular cyst perio-endo lesion cemento-osseous dysplasia surgical defect fibrous healing defect ameloblastoma occurring next to tooth
31
what other information is needed regarding a periapical radiolucency for diagnosis?
clinical symptoms and signs condition of tooth, periodontal condition, tx history patient demographic
32
what is the most common pathological radiolucency in the jaws?
radicular cyst (70%) sometimes called "dental cyst" or "periapical cyst"
33
what initiates a radicular cyst?
chronic inflammation at the apex of a tooth due to pulp necrosis *always associated with a non-vital tooth
34
what is the timeline of events from pulpal necrosis to a radicular cyst?
pulpal necrosis periapical periodontitis periapical granuloma radicular cyst
35
radicular cyst presentation?
often asymptomatic may become infected = pain slow growing with limited expansion
36
what are the differences between radicular cysts and periapical granulomas?
difficult to differentiate radiographically radicular cysts typically larger if the radiolucency diameter >15mm = 2/3 cases will be a radicular cyst
37
what is the typical radiographic presentation of a radicular cyst?
site: apex of a non vital tooth size: variable shape: unilocular and rounded margins: well-defined and corticated internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: yes - associated with root; margins continuous with lamina dura effects: can displace adjacent teeth/ structures; long standing lesions can cause external root resorption number: single (potentially multiple if grossly carious dentition)
38
what procedure has a risk of devitalising a tooth?
crown prep
39
what are the variants of radicular cysts?
residual cyst lateral radicular cyst
40
what is a residual cyst?
a radicular cyst persists after loss of tooth/ after a tooth is successfully RCTd
41
what is a lateral radicular cyst?
radicular cyst associated with an accessory canal located at the side of tooth
42
what is a dentigerous cyst?
a developmental odontogenic cyst
43
how do dentigerous cysts arise?
cystic change of dental follicle
44
what teeth are dentigerous cysts associated with?
crowns of unerupted/ impacted teeth e.g., lower 8s and upper 3s
45
what is the incidence of dentigerous cysts?
second most common cyst (20%) mandible >maxilla
46
what is the typical radiographic presentation of dentigerous cysts?
site: around the crown of unerupted tooth size: variable shape: unilocular and rounded but can be scalloped if large margins: well-defined and corticated internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: yes - continuous with CEJ (but large cysts can begin to envelope root as well) effects: displacement of tooth; potential external root resorption of adjacent teeth; variable displacement of adjacent structures number: single
47
in what circumstance would a radiolucent area around an impacted 8 be a considered a dentigerous cyst and not just normal?
if the follicular area is >5mm or radiolucency is asymmetrical
48
in what circumstance would a radiolucent area around an impacted 8 be assumed a dentigerous cyst and not just normal?
>10mm
49
what teeth are inflammatory collateral cysts associated with?
vital teeth
50
how many inflammatory collateral cysts present?
asymptomatic but can cause swelling
51
what are 2 subtypes of inflammatory collateral cysts?
buccal bifurcation cyst paradental cyst
52
where may you find buccal bifurcation cysts?
typically occurs at buccal aspect of mandibular 1st molar
53
where may you find paradental cysts?
distal aspect of partially erupted mandibular 3rd molar
54
what is the typical radiographic presentation of inflammatory collateral cysts?
site: buccal/ distal to furcation area of permanent molar (mandible> maxilla) size: <25mm shape: unilocular and rounded margins: well-defined and corticated internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: yes - involves furcation effects: tilting of tooth, cortical displacement number or bilateral
55
what is an odontogenic keratocyst?
developmental odontogenic cyst with no specific relation to teeth
56
why are most OKCs large when noticed on radiograph?
they can grow large before clinically evident
57
incidence of OKC?
rare mandible> maxilla posterior> anterior
58
what were OKCs called until 2017?
keratocystic odontogenic tumour
59
what are typical radiographic presentations of OKC?
site: commonly posterior mandible size: variable but can get very large shape: pseudolocular or multilocular, scalloped margins: well defined and corticated internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: no (but often next to one) effects: marked expansion within trabecular bone; minimal displacement of adjacent teeth number: single (multiple if syndromic)
60
what syndrome presents with multiple OKCs?
basal cell naevus syndrome
61
what is the presentation of basal cell naevus syndrome?
multiple OKCs multiple basal cell carcinomas on skin palmar and plantar pitting calcification of intracranial dura mater
62
what are the other names for basal cell naevus syndrome?
gorlin goltz syndrome bifid rib syndrome
63
what is an ameloblastoma?
benign epithelial odontogenic tumour locally destructive but slow growing
64
ameloblastoma presentation?
typically painless locally destructive but slow growing
65
ameloblastoma incidence?
rare (but most common odontogenic tumour) 80% occur in posterior mandible
66
what are the types of ameloblastomas?
multicystic (85-90%) unicystic; younger pts
67
histology of ameloblastoma?
follicular plexiform desmoplastic
68
what is the typical radiographic presentation of ameloblastoma?
site: common in posterior mandible size: any size shape: unilocular or multilocular (multilocular lesions may have course septae and/or soap bubble appearance margins: well defined and corticated internal structure: radiolucent (rare radiopaque variant) effects: growth not constrained by cortices; thinning of cortices; can cause 'knife edge' external root resorption number: single
69
what is an odontogenic myxoma?
benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumour
70
incidence of odontogenic myxoma?
rare mandible> maxilla
71
what is the typical radiographic presentation of odontogenic myxoma?
site: often premolar/ molar region of mandible size: any size shape: multilocular and scalloped (may have coarse septae and/or soap bubble appearance, small lesions can be unilocular) margins: well defined thin corticated margin internal structure: radiolucent tooth involvement: no effects: initially extends into inter-radicular spaces but larger lesions displace teeth; initial expansion within trabecular bone before displacing cortices number: single
72
what is a nasopalatine duct cyst?
developmental non odontogenic cyst
73
what do nasopalatine duct cysts arise from?
nasopalatine duct epithelial remnants
74
nasopalatine duct cyst presentation?
often asymptomatic pt may notice 'salty' discharge
75
nasopalatine duct cyst incidence?
most common non-odontogenic cyst in jaws affects 1% of population
76
what is another name for nasopalatine duct cyst?
incisive canal cyst
77
what is the typical radiographic presentation of nasopalatine duct cyst?
site: always anterior maxilla in midline size: usually between 6-30mm in diameter shape: unilocular, rounded and symmetrical (can be pseudolocular and lop sided, may appear heart shaped due to superimposed anterior nasal spine) margins: well defined and corticated internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: no, but inevitably next to incisor roots effects: displacement of incisors, palatal expansion number: single
78
how do you differentiate the incisive fossa from a cyst?
incisive fossa is in the midline and is an oval shaped radiolucency it is typically not visibly corticated on radiographs <6mm = assume incisive fossa 6-10mm = monitor >10mm = suspect cyst
79
what is a solitary bone cyst?
non odontogenic lesion - technically not classed as a cyst
80
solitary bone cyst?
almost always no symptoms or clinical signs
81
other names for solitary bone cyst?
simple/ traumatic/ haemorrhagic bone cyst
82
incidence of solitary bone cyst?
rare mandible> maxilla can occur in association with other bone pathology e.g., fibro osseous lesions
83
typical radiographic presentation of solitary bone cyst?
site: typically posterior mandible size: <30mm shape: unilocular or pseudolocular, scalloped (may extend into inter radicular spaces with finger like projections) margins: variable internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: no effects: typically none, rare displacement of teeth number: single
84
what is stafne defect?
not a cyst but commonly mistaken as one actually a depression in the bone - cortical bone preserved contains salivary or fatty tissue
85
stafne defect presentation?
asymptomatic
86
stafne defect incidence?
rare linked to salivary glands - mostly lingual mandible
87
stafne defect other name?
stafnes idiopathic bone cavity
88
typical radiographic presentation of stafnes defect?
site: mandible (often body) size: <20mm shape: unilocular and rounded margins: well defined and corticated internal structure: entirely radiolucent tooth involvement: no effects: typically none, rare displacement of adjacent structures number: single
89
when infected cysts lose their well defined margins, how will you differentiate between a malignancy?
check for clinical features of 2nd infection: pain soft tissue swelling/ redness/ hotness purulent exudate
90
when a radiolucency expands into the maxillary sinus, why does it become radiopaque?
lesion surrounded by air so appears radiopaque in comparison

Module 8 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions