radiology and staging of lung cancer Flashcards
what is a pulmonary mass and jostle
mass - opacity in king over 3cm w no mediastinal adénopathie or atelectasis
nodule - up to 3cm
how do u work out the staging of lung cancer
clinical hostory/examination
performance status
pulmonary function
TNM international system for staging lung cancer
what is TNM staging
Tb- how big the tumour is, has it spread/ size and position
N - whether cancer cells have spread into lymph nodes
M - whether tumour has spews anywhere else in the body or metastases
what is FDG PET
functional imagine nuclear medicine technique clinical use for lung cancer staging labelled glucose analogue 18F - FDG expensive limited availability in uk
what does Tx/T0/Tis mean
TX - primary tumour cannot be assessed
T0 - no evidence of primary tumour
Tis - carcinoma in situ
what is a t1 tumour
a tumour less than or equal to 3cm in greatest dimension surrounded by king or visceral pleura without bronchoscopic evidence of involvement of the main bronchus
what is a t2 tumour
a tumour more than 3cm but less than 5cm or tumour w any of the following features
involved main bronchus but not carina
invades visceral pleura
associated with obstructive pneumonitis
what is a t3 tumour
one thats more than 5cm but less than 7cm and invades chest wall oh phrenic nerve or parietal pericardium
what is a t4 tumour
more than 7cm invades diaphragm mediastinum heart great vessels trachea recurrent laryngeal nerve esophagus vertebral body carina
what is PET/CT in T staging for
assessing chest wall or mediastinal invasion
what are the levels of lymph node metastases
N0 - no regional lymph node metastases
N1 - ipsilateral peribronchial, hilar or intra pulmonary nodes including by direct extension
N2 - ipsilateral mediastinal, subcatinwl
N3 - contraleteral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, or supraclavicular
what is m staging
metastases cerebral skeletal adrenal liver
what are the classifications of m staging
m0 - no distant metastases
M1 - distant metastases
M1 a - separate tumour nodules in a contralateral love
- tumour w pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion
M1b - single distant metastases
M1 c - multiple distant metastases
what is the only means of detecting some metastases and other pathology
PET/CT
what are the limitations of PET CT
false negative
false positive
cost
