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ABGD study > Radiology- ABGD > Flashcards

Radiology- ABGD Flashcards

1
Q

Based on the ADA, what are the guidelines for prescribing xrays for a new, adult pt, adult recall with caries, and without caries

A

New adult: FMX (if evidence of generalized disease or hx of extensive tx) or pano and BWX and selected PAs

Adult Recall w/ caries: BWX Q6-18mo mo

Adult recall without caries: BWX Q24-36mo

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2
Q

What is the max permissible dose of rad per year for a pregnant pt?

A

5 mSv/year (151 E speed films)

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3
Q

What is the max permissible dose of rad per year for the average pt?

A

50 mSv/year

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4
Q

What is the “safe zone” when taking xrays?

A

6 ft from pt and xray beam.
stand 90-135* to the central ray of the beam

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5
Q

What extraoral films can be utilized to see the following conditions: body of the mandible fx?

A

body of the mandible fracture- pano, towns

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6
Q

What extraoral films can be utilized to see the following conditions: neck of condyle fracture

A

neck of condyle fracture - reverse town, Submentovertex

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7
Q

What extraoral films can be utilized to see the following conditions: zygomatic arch fx

A

zygomatic arch fx- waters, sub mento vertex

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8
Q

What extraoral films can be utilized to see the following conditions: orbit fx?

A

orbit fx- ceph, water, PA ceph

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Tonsilloliths

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10
Q

what is this

A

Eagles syndrome if painful- calcified stylohyoid ligament

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11
Q
A

Sialolith

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12
Q

What is the error and how do you correct?

A

pt is too far forward

narrow blurred ant teeth
vertical distortion in the anterior

cause: anter teeth are infront of bite groove, position teeth in bitegroove

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13
Q

What is the error and how do you correct?

A

pt is too far back

wide ant teeth, condyles off image
superimposition of the spine
teeth not in focal trough

postion ant teeth in bite groove
check position of the certical light layer

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14
Q

What does kVp affect?

A

Increase kVp= decrease contrast
increase kVp= increase energy, penetration/quality
kilovolt peak in the tube voltage

high contrast = lower kVp = endo and caries. more black and white

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15
Q

What does mA affect?

A

mA is the tube current (milliamp)
increase mA = increase in # of electrons and darkness

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16
Q

What is the inverse law and how do you practice it?

A

doubling the distance from the xray source decreases the xray beam intensity by a factor of 4.

By making sure the staff is 6 ft away, it max safety

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17
Q

How does time of exposure affect the image?

A

double time = double # of photons = double dose
does NOT increase energy
digital sensors need less time

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18
Q

What kind of radiography system do you use and why?

A

dentrixdigital- xrayvision software
Rectangular collimation

Never less than E speed film type:
D= 0.081mS1
E= 0.033 mSv

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19
Q

Describe scatter?

A

defelction of xray photons through tissues and materials. Contributes to image degradation, loss of contrast and increase dose

20
Q

Describe attenuation

A

An xray beam passes through the tissue, photons get absorbed, so there is less energy. Result is absorption and scatter

21
Q

Describe absorption

A

tissues accept xray photon energy, which contributes to image contrast. increases dose to pt

22
Q

Describe noise

A

appearance of uneven density in a uniformly exposed image.
localized variation in “speckle” or grainy image

23
Q

How do mA, mAs, kVp, time, and distance affect density?

A

increases in all of them will increase the density except for distance.

Increase in distance decreases density

24
Q

When someone refers to the darkness/blackness of an image what property are they referring to?

A

Density
too dark- excess
too light = insufficient

25
Q

If your xray is too dense, what can you do to correct?

A

less: time, kVp, mA,
more distance

26
Q

What is contrast

A

blacks and whites- less grays
ability od an imaging system to distinguish between different densities of objects

27
Q

On your xray unit how can you control or adjust the contrast?

A

kVp
increase kVp= decrease contrast (more grey)

28
Q

When would you want to use low kVp?

A

endo, caries

29
Q

When would you use high kVp?

A

help visualize bone. good for perio and oral path eval

30
Q

Why do xrays magnify? What is the clinical impact?

A

due to diverging xrays
long cone and use of collimators can decrease this impact clinically

max distance between the focal spot and sensor and minimizing distance between the object and the sensor will reduce magnification.
IO radiography magnify about 4% wile a pano’s magnify about 20

31
Q

What is the long cone technique

A

use of paralleling device to direct the beam perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth which will minimize the distortion/magnification

32
Q

Examples of quality control that be implemented in your practice?

A

use of a radiation health survey
*physical: mechanical, electrical, including tube drift/movement
*beam quality: validates the operating kVp
*tube potential: kVp, timer, exposure vs normal
*radiation dosimetry: scatter, suvery, leakage, within room any time facilities change

Clinician is responsible for day to day operations and to assess clinical value and proper settings.

33
Q

1, 2, 3

A
  1. maxillary sinus
  2. pterygoid max fissure
  3. pterygoid plate
34
Q

4, 5, 6

A
  1. hamulus
    5, zygomatic arch
  2. articular eminence
35
Q

789

A
  1. zygomaticotemporal suture
    8, zygomatic process
  2. EAM
36
Q

10,11,12

A

10.mastpod process
11: middle cranial fossa
12.lateral boarder of the orbit

37
Q

13, 14, 15

A
  1. infraorbital ridge
  2. infraorbital forame
  3. infraorbital canal
38
Q

16, 17, 18

A
  1. nasal fossa
  2. nasal septum
    18: ant nasal spine
39
Q

16, 17, 18

A
  1. infraorbital ridge
  2. infraorbital forame
  3. infraorbital canal
40
Q

19, 20, 21

A

19: inferior concha
20: Incisive foramen
21: hard palate

41
Q

22, 23, 24, 25

A
  1. max tuberocity
    23: condyle
    24: coronoid process
    25: sigmoid notch
42
Q

26, 27, 28, 29

A

26: mesial sigmoid depression
27:styloid process
28: spine- cervical vertebra
29: external oblique ridge

43
Q

30, 31, 32, 33, 34

A

30: mand canal
31: mandibular foramen
32: lingula
33:mental foramen
34: submand gland fossa

44
Q

35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40

A

35: internal oblique ridge
36: mental fossa
37: mental ridges
38: genial tubercles
39: hyoid
40: tongue

45
Q

41, 42, 43, 44,

A

41: soft palate
42: uvula
43: post pharyngeal wall
44: ear lobe

46
Q

45, 46, 47

A

45: glossopharyngeal space
46: nasopharyngeal air space
47: palatoglossal sair space

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