Infection Control, Risk Management, Safety - ABGD Flashcards
What are some regulatory agencies that apply to dental?
OSHA, FDA, EPA
What are non-regulatory agencies that apply to dental?
CDC, ADA
Who/what does OSHA cover?
private and federal employees, state and local goverment agencies
NOT covered: self employment, family working on farms, anything regulated by someone else
What types of things must employers do, per OSHA?
post the poster, inform/train workers about safety, chemical hazards. Perform tests as needed for safety in the eviroment, provide PPE, medical exams as needed, post citations, and report to osha if there are incidents
What are the 7 Standard Precautions?
1.Hand hygiene
2.Using personal protective equipment
3.Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
4.Sharp safety
5.Safe injection practices
6.Sterilization and disinfection of patient-care items and devices
7.Environmental infection prevention and control
What are the spaulding classifications and what level of sterilization does it require?
Critical : directly into sterile part of body- needs serilized
2. Semi critical- contacts mucous membranes- High level disinfection
3. Non-critical Items- only contact unbroken skin. includes medical devices (like BP), clinical contact surfaces (light handle), and house keeping surfaces - low level disinfection
How do you know something is a low level disinfectant? and what does it disinfect?
it will say Hospital disinfectant and that it is effective against HIV and HBV
most vegetative bacterial, some fungi and some virus
How do you know something is a intermediate level disinfectant? and what does it disinfect?
Hospital disinfectant Tuberculocidal
vegetative bacterial, most fungi, mycobacteria, and most virus
How do you know something is a high level disinfectant? and what does it disinfect?
vegetative bacterial, fungi, mycobacteria, and virus- many spores.
sterilant if not kept in solution long enough. Capable of killing spores
What are the temperature and times for dry heat sterilization?
170C (340F) @ 60min
160C (320F) @ 120min
150C (300F) @ 150 min
What are the temps and times for gravity displacement steam sterilization for wrapped and textile packs?
Wrapped: 121C(250F) @ 30 min or 132C (270F) @15 min with a 15-30 min dry time
Textile: 121C(250F) @ 30 min or 132C (270F) @25 min with a 15 min dry time
What are the temps and times for Dynamic Air Removal steam sterilization for wrapped and textile packs?
Both at 132C (270F) @ 4 min with
Wrapped: 20-30 min dry
Textile: 5-20 min dry
How must sterilization be monitored?
Mechanical- cycle time and temp
Chemical- internal and external indicators
Biological- weekly spore tests
What spores are used in steam spore testing?
Geobacillus Stearothermophillus
What spores are used in dry heat spore testing?
Bacillus Atrophacus
How long do sterilized packets last?
until there is an event to break sterility- we,t, broken, tear
with regards product codes on single use devices, which can NOT be reprocessed?
DZP anf DZM
What is the max CFUs in the water line allowed?
500CFU/ml
in 5 days, it can grow to 200k
how long should lines be run between patients?
20-30 seconds
What speed film has the lowest rad (due to time required?)
F speed.
quality goes down as speed goes up
With regards to the bloodborne pathogen standard, what must an employer do?
ID and classify jobs and occupational exposure risks
implement standard precautions
implement engineering controls
sharps injury log
Training Record (maintained for 3 years)
Which of the hepatitis have vaccines?
A and B
Which of the hepatitis strains are transmitted via blood?
B, C, D (B is also body fluids)
What does HBsAg mean?
surface antigen, infectious
what does anti-HBs mean?
surface antibody recovery or immunity, vaccinatied
what does anti-HBc mean?
total hep B core antibody, previous or ongoing infection
What does IgM anti-HBc mean?
IgM antibody to HBc antigen, recent infection (<6mo) and acute infection
If all Hep B serology are negative, what does it mean
person is susceptible for HBV infection
If anti HBc and anti HBs are positive, what does it mean?
immune, due to natural infection
If anti-HBs only is positive what does it mean?
immune due to vaccination
If HbsAg, anti-HBc, and IgM anti-HBc are positive, but anti- HBs is negative, what does it mean?
acute infection
If HbsAg, anti-HBc, are positive, but IgM anti-HBc and anti- HBs are negative, what does it mean?
chronic infection
what is an example of low level disinfectant?
quanternary ammonium compounds
What is an example of an intermediate level disinfectant?
idophores
synthetic phenolics
chlorine
What is the SDS?
What does it do?
Who makes it?
Where must it be kept?
Safety Data Sheet
Documents information concerning hazardous chemicals
Provided by manufacturer
Must be kept in the clinic
What must a label for hazardous chemical must contain?
name, address, telephone number
product identifier
signal word
hazard statement
precautionary statement
pictogram
What does blue and number mean on an NHS label?
HEALTH HAZARD
0- Normal
1- slight hazardous
2- Hazardous
3- Extreme Danger
4- Deadly
What does the color red and number mean on an NHS label?
FIRE HAZARD- flash point
0 will not burn
1- above 200F
2- below 200F
3 Below 100F
4 Below 74F
What does White mean and letter/symbol mean on an NHS label?
SPECIFIC HAZARD
ACID
ALK- alkali
COR- corrosive
OX- oxidizer
RAD SYMB- radiation hazard
W with a line- use no water
What does yellow and a number mean on an NHS label?
INSTABILITY HAZARD
0 stable
1 unstable if heated
2 violent chamical change
3 shock and heat may detonate
4 may detonate
What is the function of OSHA?
Protects employees from physical, chemical, infectious hazards in the workplace
What is the mechanism of action of the covid vaccines?
-nucleoside modified mRNA vaccine with encoded SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
-encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle for delivery into host cells for translation and expression
-host cell machinery produces SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigen for recognition by host immune system
What’s a biofilm?
Mass or layer of live microorganisms attached to a surface.
Microorganisms colonize and replicate on the interior of waterlines.
Dental plaque is the most studied biofilm
What organisms are commonly found in a biofilm?
Legionella, pseudomonas,
staph, strep, enterococcus,
non-TB mycobacterium, fungi
What is regulated waste?
Place “liquid or semi-liquid blood or “other potentially
infectious materials”” in the red bag. Blood caked, soaked
gauze. Note: contaminated sharps are also regulated
waste, but goes into sealed puncture proof container.
Note: EXT teeth = regulated waste
What product do you use to clean hard surfaces in the dental operator in-between patients?
CaviWipes
Intermediate level disinfectant wipe/spray that kills HIV, HBV, TB, but not spores
Use: “spray, wipe, spray” or “wipe, discard, wipe”
Then let sit for 5 min.
What is the minimum exposure periods for sterilization of wrapped healthcare supplies?
30 minutes at 121°C (250°F) Pressure??
What do you do if you or a
staff member has a needle
stick?
Follow protocol.
Always inform supervisor immediately. Wash
wounds with soap and water, then report
exposure to supervisor, referral to Occ health for
eval, blood work, and F/U
What infection control measures do
you do differently with COVID, also
what are your guiding authorities on
such protocols?
Follow CDC Guidelines and your state
dental boards and health departments
What type of sterilization do
you use? and what settings?
-Tottenhauer: steam
-Gravity: 30 min at 121°
-Vacuum: 4 min at 132°
-Dry heat: 150-160° for 120-150 min
Where do you put the Bowie Dick in the autoclave?
goes over outlet valve in gravity sterilizers
(proper air removal from their pre-vacuum autoclave chamber. ])
Whats the minimum temp for steam sterilization?
Minimum 250°F (121°C)Wh
What are class 5 indicators?
internal chemical indicator for individual packs.
used in steam sterilization cycles at the following temps:
250, 270, 273, 275
Minimal: 16.5 min
Monitors time, temp steam
What is this symbol?
what is another name for covid?
SARSCOV2
When was the first case of covid detected
31DEC19 in Wuhan China
Covid guidelines for nitrous
standard precaution, use rubber dam/isolite/ dispose of nosepiecei nplastic bag
