Radiology Flashcards
Name features on a OPT radiograph
Go on notepad on surface- answer 1-35
what is a multilocular radiolucency and the diff diagnosis
a lesion characterised by two or more pathological chambers separated by a septa of bone
diff diag: ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT), giant cell lesion aneurysmal bone cyst cherubism odontogenic myxoma
adjacent, coalescing, overlapping compartments
soap bubble appearance
give two examples of each of the bone pathologies
developmental:
inflammatory:
neoplasm:
metabolic:
developmental: tori, cherubism
inflammatory: osteomyelitis (infection of bone marrow), osteitis (infection of bone)
eoplasm: osteoma, osteosarcoma
metabolic: osteroporosis, rickett’s, paget’s, giant cell lesion
Describe what a KCOT looks like radiographically
multilocular
radiolucent
well defined
Describe what a dentigenous cyst looks like radiographicallly
unilocular
ovoid
related to crown of unerupted tooth
attached to CEJ
What are the different radiographic views used for assessment of bone loss
pros and cons of each
opt: full mouth image,
loss of detail, 2-4 ySv radiation
bitewings: only good for posteriors
pa: minimal distortion, can be used throughout mouth
high exposure when FM, time consuming to take
what is the formula used for assessment of bone loss
why is this used rather than measurements in mm
cej to bone crest (mm)/ cej to root apex (mm) x 100
as radiographs images can be distorted and therefore measurements would be inaccurate
what is fibrous dysplasia?
types?
when scar-like fibrous tissue forms instead of bone- weakening bone and causing deformation and fracture
types: monostotic, polyostotic, Allbright syndrome
radiographic and histological appearance of dysplasia?
rads: orange peel/ ground glass appearance
poorly defined margins
histological: metaplastic, woven bone, w/ fibrous islands, ‘chinese character’ trabeculae
what is osteopetrosis?
3 characteristic features?
bone disease that makes bones abnormally dense and prone to breakage
features:
marrow obliteration
pancytopenia - deficiency of all 3 cellular components of blood
denser bones - failure of resorption
what does hyperparathyroidism do
symptoms
increases parathyroid hormone (pth) levels
.:. increases serum calcium levels
hypercalcaemia
symptoms:
generalised osteoporosis
hypercalcaemia
osteitis fibrosa cystica
brown tumours
what are they
what are they a form of
where do they form
what is brown pigment from?
a form of oesteitis fibrosa cystica
giant cell lesions, not neoplasms, just masses that form in areas of excess osteoclastic activity e.g in pt with hyperparathyroidism
formed of granulation tissue and multinucleate giant cells at focal osteolytic regions
brown pigment is from the breakdown of Hb in the small internal BV to form haemosiderin
22 yr old girl attends for XLA LL6 and presents next day upset with large red lesion emanating from socket site
diff diag?
osteitis fibrosa cystica
giant cell granuloma
fibrous epulis
aneurysmal bone cyst
likely to be GCG-
due to pt age (10-25), rapid exophytic growth from XLA site and is in mandible
what info is needed on histo form?
pt name, DOB, MH, drug allergies, address
clinical description, site, size, prov diag, tests required
GDP name, contact details, address
type of sample included and time sampled.
paget’s disease
what is it
signs / symptoms
appearance radiographically?
characteristic histological feature?
normal cycle of bone renewal and repair is disrupted causing bone to become fragile and misshapen
ss- pain maxillary swelling - .:. denture does not fit nerve compression .:. numbness alkaline phosphatase raised to >150 IU/L
rads:
“cotton wool” skull
hypercementosis
variable osteoporosis/ sclerosis
histo: both osteoclasts and osteoblasts appear on same side of lesion
