Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Past MSAs > 2013 ppq > Flashcards

2013 ppq Flashcards

1
Q

How can you test clinically if a conventional bridge has debonded

A 
place probe under pontic and apply pressure coronally
visually look for flex
floss
look for bubbles of saliva
good light
  • may be grossly carious visibly or radiographically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 design/prep features that could lead to conventional bridge debonding

A

poor crown preparation, insufficient reduction or crown margins finished subgingivally

retainers not prepped to common path of insertion

lack of sufficient ferrule for crown

inadequate root surface area for support- ante’s law

poor moisture control during cementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 alternatives to replace conventional bridge pontic

A

implant
denture
space closure- ortho

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 alternative bridge designs to a conventional bridge for 11-21-22 - not RRB as both teeth prepped

A

conventional mesial cantilever bridge- fixed crown on 22

conventional fixed-movable bridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tooth 15 rct, 9mm pocket, vertical bony defect
diagnoses?
si?
initial tx?

A

periodontal abscess- perio lesion with endo involvement

periapical abscess- endo lesion with perio involvement

true combined lesion-perio-endo lesion

si: PA 15, OPT
sensibility testing EPT EC TTP
6PPC, PGI

if no history perio, tooth non-vital and isolated deep pocket then carry out re-rct

if history perio: tooth vital: pocketing throughout- RSD

if diagnosis uncertain, tooth non vital, perform endodontic therapy and observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to classify vertical bone defects?

A 
number of walls - 
1 wall defect
2 wall
3 wall
combined osseous defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanism of vertical bony defect?

factors causing vertical defect

A

the plaque has a zone of destruction surrounding the biofilm - 2mm
if bone is thicker than this and on one tooth only the destruction if angular rather than horizontal

  • thicker cortical bone
  • presence of plaque
  • occlusal trauma leading to widened pdl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to determine success of HPT clinically

A

<15% plaque
<10% bleeding
<4mm pocket depth

reduced mobility
reduced furcation involvement
bony infill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 features that indicate proximity to IDC in rad?

imaging you would take

A 
tramlines interrupted
darkening of tooth root
diversion roots
deviation id canal
narrowing of tramlines

HALF OPT
CBCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What feature in IDC are you worried about and list 2 potential complications

A

inferior alveolar nerve

axonotmesis
neurataxia
neurotmesis
paraesthesia
dysaesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 potential complications in extraction of a lone standing upper molar
of the 3 how would you diagnose 2

how would you manage 1

A

oro-antral communication
fractured maxillary tuberosity
root/tooth in antrum

OAC: bubbling blood from extraction site, direct visual assessment, blunt probe, bone in furcation
rads
mgmt: inform pt, reassure, if small encourage clot, suture, ABs,
if large: close with BAF, ABs 7 days and nose blowing instructions

fractured tuberosity:
sound of fracture, movement, multiple tooth mobility, visual tear
mgmt: dissect out and close wound, reduce and stabilise with forceps
-
fixation with ortho buccal arch wire spot, arch bar of splints. check occlusion, ABs, RCT affected tooth. post op insturctions. XLA tooth 8 weeks later

root in antrum: post op rads/ visual assessment
mgmt:
raise flap, suction, curette, irrigation, endoscopic retrieval, caldwell-luc approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What tissues could be responsible for prolonged bleeding after xla, how would you manage each?

A

soft tissues- LA use or suturing

bone - WHVP, bone wax

vessels - diathermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 risk factors for bleeding

A
  • medical conditions - haemophilia A/B, von willebrand disease, liver disease
  • medications - warfarin, anticoagulants
  • lifestyle - alcoholic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

traumatic occlusion, mobile tooth tx

A

HPT

Upper anterior BRA at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OPT rad in onenote

A

onenote

  • condyle
  • hard palate
  • zygomatic buttress
  • styloid process
  • soft palat
  • hyoid bone
  • nasal septum
  • ear lobe
  • bite peg
  • ghost image opp lower mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

side effects carbamazepine

A 
GI discomfort
dizziness
drowsiness
tardive dyskensia
fatigue
oedema
vomiting
headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two objective tests for sjogrens?

A

schirmer test
unstimulated salivary flow- <1.5ml in 15 minutes
autoantibodies- anti-Ro, Anti-La

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What gland would you biopsy for sjogrens?

A

labial gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 things you would ask histopathologist for when you send the sample for biopsy?

A

how many focal collections of lymphocytes are there with 4mm

does each collection have 50+ lymphocytes?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Features in parotid swelling that would make you suspect malignancy?

A

firm,
attached to underlying structures
rapid growth
unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 syndromes associated with hypodontia

A

down’s syndrome
cleft lip and palate
ectodermal dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

% missing primary

% missing permanent

A

1% primary

6% permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

optimum water concentration?

A

1ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 foods that are natural sources of fluoride

A

bony fish

tea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 actions of fluoride

A

inhibit bacterial metabolism

incorporate into enamel as fluoroapatite, to remineralise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what would you see in child with fluorosis

A

diffuse, mottled appearance
pitting
yellow/brown discolouration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 tx options fluorosis

A

microabrasion
localised comp restoration
porcelain veeners
bleaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

methods used to locate ectopic canines?

A

parallax technique

2 periapical views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

age range ideal for interceptive orthodontics?

A

10-13 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

4 alternative tx options for ectopic canines for ortho

A

surgical extraction
monitor and do nothing
open exposure
closed exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what would you see on occlusal surface of denture teeth of pt with stomatits. what can you do

A

wear on occlusal surface
can add PMMA to these surfaces

provide copy dentures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 features of anterior crossbite 21 malocclusion that makes it amenable to tx with removable applaince

A

21 palatally tipped
space available
good anchorage as only one tooth being moved
favourable overbite- aids stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

ura design for correcting anterior crossbite

A

AIM: please construct URA to correct anterior crossbite 21

A - 21 Z-spring 0.5mm HSSW
R- 16,26 Adam’s clasps 0.7mm HSSW
A - ok
B- self cure PMMA, posterior bite plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

define clinical governance?

A

systematic approach to continuously improve quality and standards of care in health care system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dimensions of clinical governance?

A 
RIsk management
clinical audit
clinical effectiveness
openness
research and development
education and training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

3 divisions of NHS scotland and their function?

A

public dental surface- promote oral health of public
general- first point of contact for dental tx
hospital - consultant advice and tx of referred difficult tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

6 dimensions of healthcare quality

A 
patient centered
safe
effective
efficient
equitable
timely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

6 causative factors contributing to tooth wear

A 
diet
habits- grinding, clenching,
GORD
xerostomia
asthma inhaler
bulimia
39
Q

3 things to check in dentures at trial stage

q about upper denture- feature donated by A

A 
stability
freeway space
tooth shade
tooth mould
tooth position
speech

relief area - mylohyoid ridge, genial tubercle, mental foramen, torus mandibularis

40
Q

4 principles of caries removal?

A

remove enamel to identify extent of carious lesion at ADJ, and SMOOTH enamel margins
remove peripheral caries in dentine, first ADJ, then deeper
Then remove deep caries over pulp
Outline form modification
Internal design modification

41
Q

gross caries - if cavity unretentive for amalgam - list 4 alternative techniques or materials

2 things to check in rads at review

A 
composite 
compomer
gold inlay
glass ionomer
ceramic inlay

sensibility testing
periapical radiolucency on radiograph

42
Q

6 signs and symptoms ZOC fracture

imaging?

mgmt?

A 
periorbital ecchymosis
subconjunctival haemorrhage
diplopia 
decrease in visual acuity
pain on eye movement
assymetry
swelling then flattening zygoma

OM 10-30

conservative mgmt
ORIF
CR

43
Q

pseudomembranous candidiasis - two conditions you would see PC in?

A

HIV

diabetes

44
Q

pros and cons mouth swab and rinse

A

swab: :) avoids contamination with oral commensal
:( less reliable
uncomfortable for pt

rinse- :) non invasive
:( contaminated with oral commensal

45
Q

what 2 drugs does fluconazole interact with and why?

A

warfarin- increases anticoagulant effect- increased bleeding

simvastatin- risk of myopathy

midazalom - increased sedation

46
Q

2 neurological disroders that could give rise to TN like plain?

A

multiple sclerosis

facial palsy

47
Q

trauma stamp review 6 things to assess?

A 
TTP
EC
EPT
percussion note
Colour
sinus
rads
mobility
48
Q

4 medical conditions assoc/w/ downs

A 
cardiac heart defect
leukaemia
epilepsy
hypothyroidism
autism
CLP
49
Q

4 extra oral features downs

A 
short, broad neck
dysplastic ears
oblique palpebral fissure
single palmar crease
small midface
rounded skull
50
Q

6 intraoral features downs

A 
macroglossia
hypodontia
microdontia
AOB
class III
maxillary hypoplasia
high vaulted palate
increased caries, perio
CLP
51
Q

how would you alter prevention and tx plan downs

A 
allow extra time
longer appts
early appts
modified tooth brush to help tp
high fluoride strength toothpaste
diet advice
CHX MW
FS
avoid GA
52
Q

5 things to assess when deciding caries rate

A 
medical history
plaque control
saliva flow
diet
clinical evidence
social history
53
Q

how often would you take bitewings for high caries rate

A

every 6 months

med: annually
low- 12-18months

54
Q

7y/o
tooth paste strength for high caries rate

time interval between fluoride varnishes

most appropriate fluoride supplement

what other intervention could you do?

A

1450ppm tp

4 months between fluoride varnish

most app: 225ppm f- MW

else: 
Fissure sealants
OHI
dietary advice
f- tablets
55
Q

what is dento alveolar compensation?

A

system that attempts to maintain normal interarch relationships

in class III- upper incisors procline, lower incisors retorcline

56
Q 
ortho
si class 3 
tx options class 3
A

si: study models
sensibility testing
rads: OPT, lat ceph, PA

tx:
- -accept - monitor growth
- -URA early correct incisal relationship
- -growth mod/ functional- reverse twin block
- -fixed appliance/ camouflage- extract U5s, L4s, accept underlying skeletal discrepancy and correct incisors to class I
- - orthognathic surgery

57
Q

define supernumerary

A

teeth that appear in addition to regular number of teeth

58
Q

4 types of supernumerary

A

conical
odontome
supplemental
tuberculate

59
Q

effect of supernumerary

A

failure of eruption
displacement of permanent tooth
crowding
pathology- dentigerous cysts

60
Q

list stages in chain of infection?

A 
infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit 
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
61
Q

name a chlorine releasing agent
concentation?
time left for?

A

sodium hypochlorite

10,000ppm

3-5minutes

sodium dichloroisocyanurate

62
Q

what stream of waste for tooth with extracted amalgam?

A

red stream special waste

63
Q

what document do you need to keep for waste and how long for?

A

consignment note - description, quantity, mode of transport, storage, origin, frequency of collection

3 years

64
Q

physiology of faint?

A

fall in cardiac output
poor venous return
venous pooling in legs
fall in stroke volume

65
Q

what order for physiology of faint

  • fall in cardiac output
  • venous pooling in legs
  • fall in stroke volume
  • poor venous return
A

fall in cardiac output
poor venous return
venous pooling in legs
fall in stroke volume

1
4
2
3

66
Q

3 things that could cause pt to collapse

A

hypoglycaemia
shock/anxiety
low blood pressure
dehydration

67
Q

if postural hypotension how to aid in future-

A

allow them to sit up slowly- first into upright, and then slowly to standing
encourage deep breaths

monitor HR, RR if needed
make sure they have eaten

68
Q

what are b and c in ABCDE and how would you assess

A

breathing - count RR through chest movement, listen to noise made during breathing

c- circulation- radial artery pulse, two fingers, watch for pulse, volume, character, colour, temperature

69
Q

types of recurrent aphthous stamotitis

A

minor
major
herpetiform

70
Q

difference between major minor recurrent apthous stomatitis

A 
minor/major
<10mm/ >10mm
round or oval/ oval or irregular
1-20 in a crop / <5 
non-keratinising/ any mucosa
1-2 weeks duration/ 6-12 weeks duration
no scar/ maybe scar
71
Q

solution make ups of CHX

A
  1. 2%

0. 12% 10ml bid

72
Q

8 indications for CHX use

A
  1. As an adjunct to oral hygiene
  2. Post oral surgery including periodontal surgery or root planing
  3. In patients with inter maxillary fixation.
  4. For oral hygiene & gingival health in physically & mentally handicapped
  5. Medically compromised individuals predisposed to oral infections
  6. High caries risk patient
  7. Recurrent oral ulceration
  8. Removable & fixed orthodontic wearers
  9. Treatment of denture stomatitis and dry socket
  10. As an immediate prophylactic rinse in the prevention of post-extraction bacteremia
73
Q

mechanism of action CHX

A

bacteriostatic and at high conc bactericidal

dicationic- aids substantivity

chx= cationic
bacterial cell wall = anionic

cationic CHX absorbed to phosphate containing compounds - e.g phospholipids, reducing integrity of cell membrane.
leakage of cellular components.
here, if conc increases—>
intracellular coagulation and cytoplasmic coagulation .:. irreversible cell damage

74
Q

2 ways to check for upper complete retention

A

pull downwards on anterior teeth region- post dam

pull vertically on premolar region

75
Q

OAF
mgmt
signs and symptoms

difference oac oaf

A

symptoms:
- problems with fluid consumption- fluid will come out of nose
- problems with speech or singing- nasal sounding
- problems wind instrument playing
- problems smoking or using a straw
- bad taste
- halitosis
- sinusitis type symptoms

mgmt;
excise sinus tract/ fistula
- buccal advancement flap +/- buccal fat pad or palatal flap
- bone graft or collagen membrane
- antral washout

chronic epithlial lined tract between maxillary sinus and oral cavity. oac is acute communication.

76
Q

avulsion - medium best for storage of tooth in order of preference

A

saliva
milk
water/saline
blood

77
Q

medical history info significant for paeds avulsion

A

cardiac defect
medications
tetanus immunisation
account all fragments

78
Q

desquamative gingivitis

3 conditions youd seen it in

mgmt

clinical signs

exacerbated by

A

conditions:
lichen planus
pemphigoid
pemphigus

mgmt:
- -confirm diag,, any underlying conditions - blood tests, immunofluorescence assay
- -treat underlying cause
- -improve OH- plaque aggravates lesions
- -topical steroid
- -topical tacrolimus immunomodulator rinse of cream
- systemic immunosuppressant

signs: erythematous shedding, ulceration involving full width

exacerbated by:
sls
smoking
plaque

79
Q

smoking intervention

A

5as
ask advise assist assess arrange

ask advise refer

80
Q

2 drawbacks pocket chart

A
  • assumes everyone has same root lengths

- subjective depth recording between operators

81
Q

mgmt local recession

A

address underlying cause - e.g atraumatic brushing instructions/ managing parafunctional habits

  • minimise risk factors e.g periodontal disease, smoking cessation
  • treat any areas of sensitivity with desensitising agents- f- varnish, sensodyne, f- MW, seal and bond

-surgery - free soft tissue graft from palate or
coronal advancement flap

82
Q

oral signs thumb sucking

additions to ura to break thumb sucking habit

effects prolonged digit sucking?

methods to stop NNSH?

A 
proclination Upper ants
retroclination of lower ants
localised AOB
incomplete OB
narrow upper arch

deterrent rake
hawley retainer thumb appliance
palatal crib
bluegrass appliance

effect of prolonged: digit help in mouth chronically, causes mandible to drop open and tongue held lower than normal. sucking action of cheeks narrows maxillary dentition, causing posterior crossbite

methods to stop:

  • positive reinforcement
  • non appliance deterrents - plaster on finger, preventative nail varnish, gloves
  • removable appliance habit breaker
  • fixed appliance with anterior rake habit breaker
83
Q

% 6-18 year olds have diastema

reasons for diastema

mgmt for midline diastema

A

98% 6 year olds
49% 11 year olds
7% 12-18 year olds

reasons:
hypodontia
midline supernumerary
proclined upper incisors
prominent frenulum
pathological causes
generalised spacing
mgmt:
accept and monitor
treat underlying casue
- orthodontic +/- restorative input
- ura
oral surgery/ oral med
84
Q

what to note in facial swelling

A 
Induration
Size
Pus
Palpation
Duration
Airway compromise
85
Q

what is EADT

A

time it takes from avulsion to placement in storage medium
critical time of survival of pdl as longer eadt more damage

extra alveolar dry time

86
Q

histology lichen planus
cause
features of disease

A 
hugging band lymphocytes
keratinisation
acantholysis
saw edge rete pegs
apoptosis

mainlyF, aged 30-50
1% increased risk of developing oral malignancy in 10 year period

cause:
autoimmune
stress
idiopathic
medications: beta blockers nsaid diuretics
sls allergy
87
Q

clinical/ radiographic signs dentinogenesis

and osteogenesis imperfecta

A

di

  • loss of enamel
  • discolouration
  • both primary and permanent dentine affected
  • amber in colour
  • periapical abscess due to pulpal strangulation

rads: bublous crown, occult abscesses, obliterated pulp, reduced root length

OI

  • blue sclera
  • multiple bone fractures
88
Q

tx options dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

composite/ porcelain veneers
SSC in children
over dentures
removable appliances

89
Q

how would you investigate and manage fractured tuberosity

A

noise of fracture
movement noted visually
more than 1 tooth moves visual tear

dissect out and close wound, reduce, stabilise
fixation: orthodontic buccal arch wire
remove tooth 8 weeks later

90
Q

how would you investigate and manage root in antrum?

A

post op radiographs
visual assessment

currettes, suction, caldwell-luc approach, irrigation, ribbon gauze
buccal advancement flap colours

91
Q

indications for inhalation sedation?
what machine used
- safety feature?

pros over iv sedation?

A

indications:
medical- anything aggrevated by stress epilepsy, hypertension, asthma
social - dental anxiety
dental- unpleasant or traumatic procedures

conta: blocked nasal airway, tonsilitis, severe copd, 1st trimester preggers

quantiflex MDM machine

  • oxygen flush button
  • scavenger system
  • coloured cyclinerd
  • pin index
  • NO stops when oxygen stops
  • one way expiratory valve
pros:
-quicker onset
rapid recovery
flexible duration of use
less post od side effects
no amnesia
used on <12years
92
Q

3 causes of oral vesicles

A

human herpes simplex
group a coxsackie virus
ebv
varicella zoster

93
Q

2 o.mucosal disease of coxsacchie virus

A

hand food and mouth

herpangina

94
Q

2 disorders of ebv

A

infectious mononucleosis

oral hairy leukoplakia

Past MSAs (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions