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MJ- F2 E5- Renal > Radiologic imaging and hydronephrosis- MJ > Flashcards

Radiologic imaging and hydronephrosis- MJ Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 renal conditions do you use ultrasound for?

A
  1. Hematoma
  2. Seromas
  3. Lymphoceles
  4. Stones *
  5. Hydronephrosis*
  6. Renal Mass*

(*= can be evaluated by other imaging)

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2
Q

What 4 renal conditions do you use CT for?

A
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3
Q

What 2 renal conditions do you use MRI to evaluate for?

A
  1. Renal Mass*
  2. Renal Vein thrombosis*

(*= can use other imaging to evaluate for)

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4
Q

Which renal condition is evaluated for using Renal Arteriography?

A

RAS/RAT

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5
Q

Which renal condition do you evaluate for using renal venography?

A

Renal vein thrombosis*

(*= can use other imaging to evaluate for)

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6
Q

Which renal condition do you evaluate for using radionuclide studies?

A

Hydronephrosis*

(*= can use other imaging to evaluate for)

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7
Q

Which renal condition do you evaluate for using retro/anterograde Pyelography (IVP)?

A

Stones*

(*= can use other imaging to evaluate for)

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8
Q

Which 3 radiologic studies can be used to evaluate for renal stones?

A
  1. Ultrasound
  2. CT
  3. Retro/anterograde Pyelography (IVP)
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9
Q

Which 3 Radiologic studies can you use to evaluate for hydronephrosis?

A
  1. Ultrasound
  2. CT
  3. Radionuclide Studies

“RUC”

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10
Q

Which 3 common radiologic studies can you use to find a renal mass?

A
  1. Ultrasound
  2. CT
  3. MRI

(“MUC”)

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11
Q

Which 3 common radiologic studies can you use to find a Renal Vein Thrombosis?

A
  1. CT
  2. MRI
  3. Renal Venography
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Which radiologic study?

  • Safe and easy to use
  • Initial testing/most commonly used
  • Doppler can be used to assess vascular flow (RAS/RVT) but MR/CT more sensitive
A

Renal Ultrasonography

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14
Q

Which radiologic study is the choice for obstructive disease (stones) and is less sensitive for renal masses?

A

Renal ultrasonography

For obstructions proximal to ureter, otherwise US pelvis more useful

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15
Q

Which radiologic imaging?

  • Complementary to US
  • Avoids IV contrast (nephrotoxic)
  • **Gold standard for renal stones**
  • Locate ureteral obstruction
  • Higher sensitivity for PKD
  • Evaluate tumors
  • Dx RVT
A

CT

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16
Q

Which radiologic study?

  • Similar results as CT
  • Preferred in children (reduced radiation compared to CT)
  • Obstructive vs nonobstructive hydronephrosis
  • Function of each kidney
A

Radionuclide scan

17
Q

Which Radiologic study?

  • Gold standard for RVT (along with renal venography and CT)
  • Further evaluation of renal masses
A

MRI

18
Q

When using MRI, you should use extreme caution giving gadolinium in patients with GFR < ______ mL/min.

Why is this?

A
  • GFR < 30
  • can lead to nephrogenic system fibrosis (NSF)
    • Fibrosis of skin, muscle, fascia, lungs, and heart
    • Wheelchair bound in weeks
    • Only happens with renal failure
19
Q

Which radiologic study?

  • More invasive –> used less often than CT/MRI
  • Used to identify arterial and venous occlusions
  • Preferred test to identify Polyarteritis nodosa
A

Renal Arteriography and Venography

20
Q

Which Radiologic Study?

  • Assess caliceal anatomy, size of kidney, shape of kidney
  • High sensitivity and specify for stones
  • Substantial radiation and use of contrast therefore used infrequently
A

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

(AKA IV urogram)

21
Q

What are the 3 indications for renal biopsy?

A
  1. Nephrotic syndrome: SLE
  2. Nephritic syndrome
  3. Unexplained AKI
22
Q

Renal biopsy is NOT indicated in patients with what 2 things?

A
  • Isolated glomerular hematuria
  • Low grade proteinuria

(this is because these can be investigated in other ways)

23
Q

Wich renal condition?

  • Unilateral or bilateral edema of the collecting system (fluid around the kidney)
  • Usually asymptomatic
  • +/- pain if obstruction involved
  • +/- change in UOP

​

A

Hydronephrosis

24
Q
  • What are are obstructive etiologies of hydronephrosis?
  • What radiologic study should be ordered?
A
  • Bladder outlet obstruction- consider GI and GYN masses, stones, BPH
  • US imaging
25
Q
  • What are nonobstructive etiologies of hydronephrosis?
  • What radiologic study should be ordered if US is not diagnostic?
A
  • Large diuresis can distend intrarenal collecting system (Diabetes insipidus)
  • Order CT if US not diagnostic
26
Q

How do you relieve hydronephrosis?

A

By stent

MJ- F2 E5- Renal (13 decks)

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